Demand Side Management for Stand-Alone Microgrid Using Coordinated Control of Battery Energy Storage System and Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

Distributed generation with battery energy storage (BES) system is an alternative solution for stand-alone AC supply systems. This article addresses the issue of voltage variability of stand-alone microgrid with the adoption of intelligent micro-source controllers. The high energy density of the BES system is used to compensate the voltage fluctuation. A control mechanism is designed to regulate the flow of electrical energy from BES system. The control structure of DC–AC microgrid integrated with BES system is proposed, and the study is extended to explore the mechanism of demand side management (DSM) with the incorporation of voltage-droop characteristics. The BES system is interlinked to maintain the voltage to a desirable range and the proposed work is intended to show the introductory concept on DSM accomplished through voltage-reduction at the consumption-side. The proposed control strategy not only achieves frequency-regulation in adherence to IEEE Standard-1547, but also maintains customers’ quality of service while customizing voltage for regulating DSM. The basis of regulating the nickel-metal-hydride battery is state-of-charge of BES system and voltage generated by the hybrid sources consist of photovoltaic and wind energy systems. The adequacy of the proposed control scheme with BES-module is validated using time-domain simulation studies considering voltage-dependent-loads.

Keywords:

• photovoltaic system
• wind energy system
• stand-alone microgrid
• battery storage system
• state of charge
• demand side management
• V–I droop control
• active power control
• hybrid system
• frequency control

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sumit Kumar Jha

Sumit Kumar Jha received B.Tech. in engineering from Sharda University, Greater Noida majoring in electrical and electronics engineering in 2014 and received the master of engineering degree in power electronics specialization from the Department of Electrical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi in 2016. He is currently a research scholar in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra. His research interest includes microgrid planning and its control, real-time simulation and demand side management.

Deepak Kumar

Deepak Kumar received the B.Eng. degree in electrical and electronics engineering and the M.Eng. degree in electrical engineering (power system specialization) from Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, India, in 2007 and 2011, respectively. He received Ph.D. degree in power system engineering from the School of Electrical Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India in 2016. He then joined Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, India as an assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. He visited Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, AALTO University, Finland as a Postdoctoral Research fellow from June 2018 to December 2018. Dr. Deepak was the recipient of the 2016 POSOCO Power System Award under Doctoral category for best PhD thesis. His major research interests include microgrid control with distributed generation, distributed energy storage systems, demand side management, distribution system design and planning, applications of intelligent computational techniques to electric power system.