Optimal Automatic Generation Control with Hydro, Thermal, Gas, and Wind Power Plants in 2-Area Interconnected Power System

Abstract

This paper explores automatic generation control (AGC) of a more realistic 2-area multi-source power system comprising hydro, thermal, gas, and wind energy sources-based power plants in each control area. The wind power plants (WPPs) have been growing continuously worldwide due to their inherent feature of providing eco-friendly sustainable energy. But, operations of WPPs are associated with system stability problems due to lack of inertia. However, WPPs do not participate in the elimination of mismatch between generation and demand by AGC but disturbance can be injected by the WPPs due to the stochastic nature of wind energy. An optimal controller based on full state feedback control theory is designed to conduct the study. The system dynamic performance analysis is carried out for 1% step load disturbance in corresponding control areas. It is observed that the system dynamic graphs of deviation in area frequency and tie-line power are significantly improved with the implementation of optimal AGC controller compared to GA tuned classical controller. It has also been shown that the WPPs aid the increase in load disturbance when the input wind power reduces but it negates the effect of increase in load disturbance for increase in wind energy to the WPPs.

Keywords:

• wind power plant
• hybrid energy sources
• automatic generation control
• optimal control
• eigenvlaue analysis
• modern control theory

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Nizamuddin Hakimuddin

Nizamuddin Hakimuddin received the B.Tech (Hons.) in Electrical Engineering from Kurukshetra University, Haryana, India in 2003. He received the M.Tech. (Honours) in Electrical Power System Management and the Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India, in 2007 and 2014, respectively. He is currently working as a Senior Manager with New Okhla Industrial Development Authority, Department of Industries, Government of Uttar Pradesh, India. He has published a number of research papers in International journals and has been continuously engaged in guiding research activities at graduate/post-graduate and Ph.D. levels. His research interests include operation & control of power systems and artificial intelligent optimization techniques in context of automatic generation control for power systems.

Ibraheem Nasiruddin

Ibraheem Nasiruddin received his Ph.D. degree in power systems from Department of Electrical Engineering, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, India, in 2000. He is currently working as a full professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi. He has published several research papers in reputed journals. His research interests include power system operation and control, optimal control theory applications in power systems, application of intelligent controls in deregulated power systems and renewable energy systems.

Terlochan Singh Bhatti

Terlochan Singh Bhatti is a professor in the Centre for Energy Studies, IIT, Delhi, India. He did his Ph.D. from IIT, Delhi in 1985. He has been involved in teaching and research at IIT, Delhi since 1980. During 1987, he was a Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. He has published several research papers in reputed journals. His research interests include reactive power control, automatic generation control, wind energy conversion systems and small-hydropower systems.

Yogendra Arya

Yogendra Arya received his A.M.I.E. in electrical engineering from The Institution of Engineers (India), in 2008, M.Tech. (instrumentation and control) from Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana, India, in 2010 and Ph.D. from Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India in 2018. Currently, he is working as assistant professor with Maharaja Surajmal Institute of Technology, Janakpuri, New Delhi, India. He has published several research papers in reputed journals. His research interests include AGC/LFC of conventional/restructured single and multi-source power systems.