Frequency Regulation on an Interconnected Power System With Fractional PID Controllers Optimized Using Rao Algorithms

Abstract

Developing an optimization algorithm with independent algorithm-specific parameters is crucial in tuning the controller parameters of Automatic Generation Control (AGC). In 2020, Rao developed a robust and newly proposed algorithm independent of algorithm-specific parameters with faster convergence and less computational complexities. This paper presents the AGC of a sample two-area interconnected multi-source power systems with fractional-order PID controllers optimized using the Rao algorithm. The objective function selected for tuning the optimal gain of the controller using the Rao algorithm is based on Integral Squared Error (ISE). The robustness of the Rao algorithm for parameter variations and load changes is compared with other metaheuristic algorithms such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The efficacy of the proposed tuning method for AGC application is validated using the dSPACE 1103 hardware-in-loop simulation.

Keywords:

• automatic generation control
• integral squared error
• Rao algorithm
• fractional order PID controller

Additional information

Notes on contributors

M. G. Sony

M. G. Sony received the B. Tech. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the University of Kerala, India, in 2000, and the M. Tech. degree in Control Systems from the University of Kerala, India, in 2003. She is currently working toward a Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering with the National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India. Her research interests include power system operation and control, power system stability, renewable energy integration, and advanced control application in power systems.

Lithin P. Thomas

Lithin P. Thomas received the B. Tech. degree in electrical engineering from Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, India, in 2015, and an M. Tech. degree focusing on Power Systems from the National Institute of Technology, Calicut, in 2021. He is currently working at Hitachi Energy as System Design Engineer for FACTS technologies. His area of interest includes frequency regulation of interconnected power systems, electric vehicles, renewable energy, and FACTS devices.

M. Deepak

M. Deepak received his Ph.D. from the Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, India. He is currently working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Kerala, India. His research interests include power system operation and control, power system stability, protection, and energy storage systems.

Abraham T. Mathew

Abraham T. Mathew is currently the Principal of Mar Baselios College of Engineering and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala. He worked at the National Institute of Technology, Calicut for more than three decades in various capacities. His areas of interest include control of cyber-physical systems, control application in microgrids, power converters, unconventional robotics, and so on.