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Abstract
Traditionally, directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) have been used for protecting the meshed distribution systems with DGs. Recently, dual-setting DOCRs have been advocated as competent measures for such cases. Normal inverse (NI) type characteristics-based settings are usually utilized for the forward and backward direction operation of the dual-setting DOCRs. In this article, we aim to analyze the performance of reverse direction dual setting relays by using various curve settings and different fault locations. We propose the application of typical International Electro-technical Commission (IEC) curve settings namely NI, very inverse (VI), and extremely inverse (EI), and definite time settings for the reverse direction operation of dual-setting DOCRs while keeping the forward direction relay characteristics as NI type. The proposed scheme is tested using the modified IEEE-14 bus distribution system in the presence of synchronous-based distributed generations and using the IEEE-30-bus test system. The simulation results indicate that definite time settings for the mid-point and far-end faults provide considerably faster backup tripping times than the NI, VI, and EI characteristic curves. Whereas, in the case of near-end faults all characteristics provide the same tripping time.
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Sobia Ashraf
Sobia Ashraf received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan. Currently, she is pursuing her Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) in Islamabad, Pakistan. Her research interests include formal methods, model checking, and their applications to the safety critical systems in smart grids.
Ibrahim Evkay
Ibrahim Evkay received B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from the Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkiye. Currently, he is pursuing his Ph.D. in electrical engineering from the Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkiye. He is also serving as a Lecturer at Electric Program, Vocational School, Dogus University. His research interests include power system protection and control, optimization on overcurrent relays, distributed generation integrated power system, and machine learning application in smart grids.
Ugur Savas Selamogullari
Ugur Savas Selamogullari received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering from Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkiye, and the Ph.D. degree in electric power engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Troy, NY. For one year, he was with the Plug Power company. He is currently a Professor in the Electrical Engineering Department at Yildiz Technical University. His research interests include smart grid, smart homes, renewable energy, and power electronics.
Mustafa Baysal
Mustafa Baysal was born in Istanbul, Turkiye, in 1976. He received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, in 1998, 2001, and 2008, respectively. From 2009 to 2011, he was a visiting researcher at UW, Madison, USA. Currently, he is an Associate Professor in the Electrical Engineering Department of Yildiz Technical University. His current research interests include microgrids, smart grids, distributed generation, power quality, and machine learning applications for power systems.
Osman Hasan
Osman Hasan received his BEng (Hons) degree from the University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar Pakistan in 1997, and the MEng and PhD degrees from Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada in 2001 and 2008, respectively. Before his PhD, he worked as an ASIC Design Engineer from 2001 to 2004 at LSI Logic. He worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Hardware Verification Group (HVG) of Concordia University for one year until August 2009. Currently, he is a Professor at the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science of National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan. He is the founder and director of System Analysis and Verification (SAVe) Lab at NUST, which mainly focuses on designing and formal verifying energy, embedded, and e-health related systems. Dr. Hasan is a senior member of IEEE, member of the ACM, the Association for Automated Reasoning (AAR), and the Pakistan Engineering Council.