Plug and Charge Solutions with Vehicle-to-Grid Communication

Abstract

With electro-mobility, the demand for charging services is increasing. In Germany alone, the Federal Ministry for Digital Affairs and Transport required for at least 843,000 new charging stations by 2030. Charging service is key for electro-mobility and requires a new innovative technology for the future. Plug and Charge (PnC) enables easy, convenient, and secure charging process compared in existing technologies (RFID, SMS, or App). This secure and convenient charging process is based on digital certificates from PnC ecosystem. Today, validation of certificates between electric vehicle (EV) and charging station (EVSE) in PnC ecosystem is very simple. For the future, there are many new requirements for PnC ecosystem from new standard (ISO 15118-20), Federal Ministry of Economics and Climate Protection, new certificates (V2G root CAs) and new Pool&Service (e.g., Root Certificate Pool). This will make the validation of certificates between EV and EVSE more and more difficult. These new and existing requirements are identified, analyzed and evaluated here. With this article, for the first time, these requirements are derived on entire PnC ecosystem, on cloud components (e.g., MO) and on individual functions (e.g., mTLS, certificate authentication, and authorization). From these requirements, a three-level solution (1-EV, 2-PKI, and 3-Cloud components (e.g., MO, CPO)) is generated. These three level solutions enable successful validation of the certificate with or without interoperability of the certificate. New and various solutions for future networks (e.g., contract and root certificate pools) for either interoperable or non-interoperable networks are illustrated here.

Keywords:

• plug and charge
• charging ecosystem
• ISO 15118
• certificate
• electric vehicle
• TLS
• secure communication
• charging

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Ahmet Kilic

Ahmet Kilic is associate Prof at the Division for Mechatronics Engineering of Nisantasi University. He studied at the Otto von Guericke University in Magdeburg and received his Dipl. Ing. degree in 1997, and his PhD degree in 2003. During his professional carrier, he was responsible as a team leader for the development of HEVs at Siemens VDO Automotive AG and for the high voltage safety at Mercedes Benz Tech. Senior product manager for plug and charge at the powertrain solutions, charging services at the Robert Bosch GmbH in Stuttgart. His main research interests include fail operational powertrains, charging system, powernets, functional safety for automated driving, and E/E architecture.