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Abstract
Microprocessor-based protection relays that provide reliable and fast responses to abnormal conditions are of paramount importance to electrical grids. Modern numerical relays constitute communication protocols to facilitate data exchange among protection devices. Though it has become an integral part of electrical substation devices, there has not been any significant article that puts forth a detailed description of the preemptive multithreading implementation of multiple communication protocols for protection relays. Hence, this article is aimed at designing a preemptive multithreading system comprising IEC 61850 Manufacturing Message Specification (MMS), Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE), and Sampled Values (SV) along with Modbus TCP/IP and IEC 60870-5-104 communication protocols for protection relays. Latest products from prominent manufacturers of protection relays adopt preemptive multithreading on a real-time Linux operating system. In this work, the designed multi-protocol communication system is implemented on a real-time embedded Linux-based cortex-A7 core of the STM32MP157D-DK1 device. The designed system is verified by conducting an interoperability test with ABB REF615 and Thytronic NA11 protection relays.
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No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
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Notes on contributors
Abdulfetah Abdela Shobole
Abdulfetah Abdela Shobole is an Assistant Professor in the Electrical Engineering Department at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University. He has been working in the industry in substations, wind farms, solar power plants, and transmission and distribution networks since 2011. His research area includes smart grid protection, Cyber security, smart grid automation, and renewable energy integration with the smart grid.
Motuma Abafogi
Motuma Abafogi received his Ph.D degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkiye, in 2022. Currently, he is engaged in research activities at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, with a keen interest in areas such as embedded systems, signal processing, communication systems, and the automation of smart grids.
Ilhami Colak
Ilhami Colak received the bachelor and master degrees in electrical and electronics engineering from Gazi University in 1985 and 1989 respectively. Then he received his M.Phil. degree in electrical and electronics engineering from Birmingham University, Birmingham, U.K., in 1991, and his Ph.D. degree in the same field from Aston University, Birmingham, U.K., in 1994. He became an Assistant Professor, an Associate Professor, and a Full Professor in 1995, 1999, and 2005, respectively. He was the Head of Department, Dean, and Vice Rector of Gazi University, Istanbul Gelisim University, and Nisantasi University, Istanbul, Turkiye. He is currently a Full Professor with Nisantasi University. He has authored or coauthored more than 120 journal papers, 235 conference papers, and 7 books in different subjects, including electrical machines, drive systems, machine learning, reactive power compensation, inverter, converter, artificial neural networks, distance learning automation, and alternating energy sources.