Designing an Intuitive Algorithm Based Load Frequency Controller for Electrical Power Systems

Abstract

In the interconnected system, changes in energy consumption and random energy generation by renewable energy sources cause an increase or decrease in frequency and bus voltages. Load frequency control (LFC) that cannot be controlled within certain limits may cause serious problems. Therefore, LFC is required to keep the interconnection frequency and power sharing of the interconnection line at a certain value. Due to the importance of this issue, researchers have been working on numerous studies to improve LFC. In this article, a cascaded FOPID+(III) controller consisting of a fractional-order PID and three integrators is designed for a two-zone power system, including thermal power plants, electric vehicles using the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technique and renewable energy sources such as wind farms and photovoltaic panels. Particle Swarm Optimization and Gray Wolf Optimization are used to determine the gain parameters in our new design. The effectiveness and efficiency of the FOPID+(III) controller are tested with load variation, parameter variation in the designed model and RES power variation. As a result of the experiments, it was observed that the PSO-based FOPID+(III) controller provided a 54% improvement in settling time and a 55% improvement in maximum frequency overshoot compared to other controllers.

Keywords:

• Load frequency control
• FOPID+(III) controller

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Kursat Soyacikgoz

Kursat Soyacikgoz, graduated from Sakarya University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 1997. He worked at EÜAŞ Kangal Thermal Power Plant until 2004 and EÜAŞ Hirfanlı Hydroelectric Power Plant until 2012. He is currently working as chief test engineer at Turkish Electricity Transmission Co.

Nihat Inanc

Nihat Inanc, graduated from Istanbul Technical University, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering in 1988 and 1992, respectively. In 1993, he started his doctoral studies at Kocaeli University and completed his PhD studies at TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Centre Robotics Department in 1996. He worked as an academician at Istanbul Technical, Sakarya, Kırıkkale and Yüzüncü Yıl Universities. He worked as ‘Post-Doctorate’ and ‘Visiting Lecturer’ at Ohio-State University in the USA. In 2003, he became an Associate Professor. He worked as ‘Professor’ at YYÜ Faculty of Engineering-Architecture. He was appointed as the Founding Rector of MuŞ Alparslan University on 09.09.2008. After serving as rector for two terms, he was appointed to Kırıkkale University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering as of 1 February 2016.