A Centralized Stage-Wise Control Approach for Frequency and Voltage Regulation in PV–Wind–Storage Based Islanded Microgrid

Abstract

In a microgrid, perturbations stemming from uncertain renewable sources and sudden load fluctuations can result in deviations in system voltage, frequency, and more, leading to instability. Thus, focusing on achieving stable microgrid operation, this paper proposes a novel stage-wise control approach for regulating the frequency and voltage of islanded microgrids. The approach employs an intelligent fuzzy logic controller with 64 rules. Specifically, the control approach is divided into three stages. In stage 1, the proposed approach manages the system under minor perturbations to regulate all system parameters within a feasible operating range, utilizing a battery as ancillary support. Furthermore, during significant perturbations, stages 2 and 3 of the proposed approach involve percentage-wise shedding non-critical loads to enhance stable microgrid operation. The load-shedding process continues until the system parameters stabilize within an acceptable operating range. The performance of the proposed approach is validated using MATLAB software and is compared against existing topologies. Notably, it has been observed that in the presence of significant small and large perturbations, the system demonstrates considerably lower deviations, following the recommended standards, i.e., 0.57 and 0.72% voltage deviation, including 0.14 and 0.17% frequency deviation. This observation emphasizes the superiority of the proposed control approach.

Keywords:

• energy management
• fuzzy logic
• frequency regulation
• microgrid
• renewable integration
• voltage regulation

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Sahil Mehta

Sahil Mehta was born in Chandigarh, India, in 1994. He received his B.Tech. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in year 2016 and Masters degree in Power Systems in year 2018. At present he is pursuing his Ph.D. from Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala. His research is focused on renewable energy based microgrid systems & Assessment, Renewable Forecasting, and Artificial Intelligence based controllers.

Prasenjit Basak

Prasenjit Basak (Ph.D.) is an Associate Professor of the Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department of Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology with the academic experience of more than 19 Years and Industrial experience of more than 3 Years. He has been awarded SERB-DST sponsored core research grant by the Government of India for nanofluid-based alternative liquid insulation for power transformer applications. He has published more than 23 research papers in reputed SCI-indexed journals, more than 10 papers in other Journals, and 28 international and 6 national conference papers, respectively. Six Ph.D. research scholars and 18 M.E. scholars have completed their research till October 2023 under his active supervision. He is a Senior Member of IEEE, U.S.A., a Life Member of the Metrology Society of India (MSI), and the Indian Society for Technical Education (ISTE). His research fields include Microgrid Power Systems’ operation, control, protection, and stability. Another research area is High Voltage Engineering, specifically on ester oil-based nanofluids as an alternative to the conventional use of mineral oil as liquid insulation.