Intelligent Control of DC Microgrid Involving Multiple Renewables for Fast Charging Control of Electric Vehicles

Abstract

Electric vehicles (EVs) are now considered to be a cutting-edge form of transportation. However, the electrical grid infrastructure is not sufficiently developed to meet the rising charging demand for electric vehicles. Therefore, it is impossible to rely entirely on grid-generated electricity. This article discusses a control approach for extremely rapid charging of EV batteries driven by a hybrid DC microgrid, consisting of isolated, Photovoltaic (PV), Wind Turbine, Fuel Cell and Energy Storage Systems. An adaptive sliding mode controller is designed to provide the appropriate power for charging and discharging EVs and energy storage units (ESUs) under a variety of power generation and demand scenarios. The proposed adaptive sliding mode controller operates in a decentralized manner to maintain power distribution amongst the microgrid DC-link EVs and the ESUs. In order to validate the effectiveness of the sliding mode controller in battery charging applications, a comprehensive comparison between fuzzy logic and adaptive sliding mode control is conducted. The proposed controller operates exceptionally well in the presence of unpredictable operating point variations such as rapid changes in EV charging load, fluctuations in solar irradiation, unexpected wind conditions, and so on. Finally, the proposed controller is verified by both simulation and experimental studies.

Keywords:

• DC micro grid
• photovoltaic
• wind turbine
• fuel cell
• energy storage
• sliding mode control
• fuzzy logic control

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

R. S. Bajpai

R. S. Bajpai was born in Unnao, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1963. He received B.Tech degree in electrical engineering from Institutions of Engineers (India) Kokata in 1995, M.Tech and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from MNNIT Allahabad, India in 2003 and 2013 respectively. He was an engineer with Indian Air Force and served there in the field of power generation and distribution to telecommunication and radar centers. Presently he is serving as a Professor electrical engineering in SRM University, Lucknow, India. His current research interests include power converters, photovoltaic systems, wind energy systems and application of power converters to power systems. He was awarded Dr. P.S. Nigam Power Sector award from Institutions of Engineers (India) in 2007, best technical paper during proceedings of International Conference “MS07”, Kolkata, India in 2008 and contribution towards seamless power transfer to communication and radar equipment’s in Indian Air Force in 1998.

Apoorva Srivastava

Apoorva Srivastava was born in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India in 1987. He received his B.Tech. degree in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, India in 2009 and M.Tech. degree from Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, India in 2015.He is pursuing his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Lucknow, India.At present, he is working as an Assistant Professor in BabuBanarasi Das Institute of Technology & Management, Lucknow, India. His research interests include Renewable Energy and Control System.

Amarjeet Singh

Amarjeet Singh received B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering from Bhagalpur College of Engineering Bhagalpur (Bihar) in 1987, M.Tech. in Energy Management from School of Energy and Environmental Science, Indore (Madhya Pradesh) in 2008 and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad (Uttar Pradesh) in 2017. He has served industry and academia both for last 35 years of his professional career. He has published various national and international publications in reputed journals. Currently, he is working as a Professor and Head in the department of Electrical Engineering at School of Management Sciences Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh). His research areas include renewable energy technology , Power System and Power Quality.

Shailesh Kumar

Shailesh Kumar was born in Pakaribarawan, Nawada, Bihar, India. He received the PhD degree from Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department , Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology , Patiala Punjab in 2020 and M.Tech degree in Electrical Power System Management from Electrical Engineering Department, F/O of Engineering and Technology, Jamia Millia Islamia (A Central University) New Delhi, India, in 2012. From July 2013 to January 2023, he was worked as a Lecturer and Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India. From 27 February 2023 to 13 September 2023 he was worked as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, India. From 16 September 2023, he is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, School of Engineering and IT, ARKA Jain University, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand. He has over 11 years of teaching and research experiences. He has authored/co-authored 01 book chapters, filed one Indian patents and published more than 13 papers in peer reviewed journals and conferences. He received research grants from agencies like VT-USA-TIET Centre of Excellence in Emerging Materials of more than 0.25 crore (Ind Rs). His research expertise is in the field of sensing technology with associated interfacing and signal conditioning circuits for sensors-based health monitoring applications in smart grid and health care.