The Impact of the Presence of a High Number of Electric Vehicles in Future Smart Cities – A Review

Abstract

Attention to the increasing growth of electric vehicles (8.3% in light type and 39% in heavy type) in smart grid structures, it is essential to consider bottlenecks like proper energy management, charging infrastructure, ICT and cybersecurity problems, and economic and environmental challenges. Tariffs for the production of distributors and charging stations for electric vehicles in smart cities are definitely in a state of smart changes. The correct response to the consumption of electric vehicles will make energy distribution completely intelligent and structured with a new framework. In this paper, the structures of future smart cities will be discussed in the presence of a significant number of electric vehicles. The benefits that smart energy grids bring to future smart cities are explored and discussed in detail. A complete review of past research in the field of potential and capacities and challenges faced by future smart cities in the presence of electric vehicles has been demonstrated and the latest achievements and methods in this field have been reviewed. In the end, the bottlenecks and basic challenges that microgrids face in future smart cities are described.

Keywords:

• electric vehicle
• smart cities
• microgrid
• smart grid
• energy management system

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

H. Babanezhad

H. Babanezhad receive a PhD degree in electrical engineering field (Design Multi Layer Energy Management System) at the Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch. He has a master’s of degree in Electrical Engineering (Virtual Power Plant & microgrid system) at the Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch in Electrical Engineering. His research interest is microgrid, energy management system, smart grid, distributed generation (DGs) management and optimization of energy.

M. Shahraki

M. Shahraki receives a B.Sc. in control engineering at Shiraz university. He has a master’s of degree in Electrical Engineering from the Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch in Electrical Engineering. His research interest is protection, energy management systems, smart grids, distributed generation, and energy storage systems.

I. Colak

I. Colak was born in 1962 in Turkey. He received his diploma in electrical engineering from Gazi University, Turkey, in 1985. Then, he did his MSc degree in electrical engineering in the field of Speed Control of Wound Rotor Induction Machines Using Semiconductor Devices at Gazi University in 1991.He received his PhD degree from Aston University in England on Mixed Frequency Testing of Induction Machines Using Inverters in 1994.He is currently holding the positions of vice-rector and dean of the Engineering and Architecture Faculty of Nisantasi University.

Y. Soufi

Y. Soufi was born in Tebessa, Algeria. He received a B.Sc. degree and Doctorate degrees from the University of Annaba, Algeria, in 1991 and 2012 respectively and a Magister degree in 1997 in Electrical Engineering from Tebessa University, Algeria. Currently, he is a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Larbi Tebessi University, Tebessa, Algeria. His research interests include electrical machines, diagnostics, wind and solar energy, power electronics and drives applied to renewable and sustainable energy.