Enhancing Power Generation for Solar-Based Cardiac Pacemakers: A Novel Approach with FOPID and HCMKH-BS2

Abstract

Biomedical implants, such as implantable cardioverter heart monitors, rely on limited battery life, which necessitates costly replacements and patient discomfort. To address these challenges, a novel solar-based pacemaker model is proposed that is integrated with a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller and a Hybridized Chaotic multiverse Krill Herd-based Backtracking Search Strategy (HCMKH-BS²) to enhance power generation for pacemaker operation. Our approach considers the impact of partial shading conditions on solar power. To mitigate these conditions, a FOPID controller with an HCMKH-BS² model is developed which also addresses environmental issues through the adoption of a DC-DC converter. The gain parameters of the FOPID controller are determined using the proposed HCMKH-BS² algorithm. The proposed technique is implemented to evaluate its performance using various measures in terms of duty cycle, convergence analysis, and power. The performance validation is performed based on the analyses of constant irradiance and changed irradiance. The proposed method achieved a fitness value of 0.01 from the convergence analysis and the duty cycle of 0.48D. These results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed technique over previous methods, highlighting its potential for enhancing the performance of solar-based cardiac pacemakers.

Keywords:

• cardiac pacemaker
• solar
• fractional-order proportional integral derivative and DC-DC converter
• Krill Herd
• backtracking search

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Human and Animal Rights

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

Informed Consent

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to Participate

Not applicable.

Consent for Publication

Not applicable.

Availability of Data and Material

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

Not applicable.

Notes on contributors

P. R. Bijisha

P. R. Bijisha obtained her Bachelor’s Degree in Electrical and electronics engineering from Government Engineering College, Thrissur, Kerala and obtained Master’s degree in Applied Electronics from Annai Mathammal Sheela Engineering College, Namakkal, Tamilnadu. She is currently pursuing Ph.D., at Anna University, Chennai. She is in teaching profession for more than 14 years. She has presented six papers in National and International Journals, Conference and Symposiums.

N. Kuppuswamy

N. Kuppuswamy obtained his Bachelor’s Degree in Mechanical Engineering, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, M.E., in Production Engineering from PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore and completed Ph.D in Production Engineering from PSG College of Technology, in 2005. He is currently working as Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering KIT - Kalaignar Karunanidhi Institute of Technology in Coimbatore. He is having more than 30 years of professional experience. He has presented thirty one papers in National and International Journals, Conference and Symposiums.

R. Muthukumar

R. Muthukumar obtained his Bachelor’s Degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India. He secured Master of Engineering in Power Systems Engineering at Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, India. He secured Ph.D. in Anna University, Chennai India. He is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Erode Sengunthar Engineering College He is in the field of Power Systems Engineering. He is in teaching profession for more than 22 years. He has published number of papers in National and International Journals. His main area of interest includes soft computing and optimization Techniques.