Experimental Investigation and Treatment Methods for Temperature, Water Droplets, and Carbon Atoms Effect on Transformer Oils

Abstract

This article adheres to oil purity standards, investigating the impact of temperature, water, and carbon contaminants on transformer oils. The research employed breakdown voltage (BDV) and dissipation factor (DF) tests concerning IEC standards. Further, this article provided superior valuable insights into the behavior of transformer oils under different conditions and offered practical solutions for maintaining their optimal performance. The results highlighted that as temperature increased, the BDV of the oils decreased, underscoring the importance of maintaining adequate cooling in transformers. The presence of water droplets within the oil lowered the BDV and increased the DF. However, a treatment method involving a vacuum machine and nano-oil mitigated these adverse effects. Similarly, the presence of carbon atoms within the oil decreased the BDV and increased the DF. Still, the treatment method involving infrared radiation and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles effectively improved the oil’s properties. In other words, the treatment method reduced carbon atoms’ effect on transformer oil through nano-oil, where the BDV and DF were performed on all samples before and after treatment to ensure the success of the treatment. Furthermore, a statistical analysis tool is employed to assess and evaluate the accuracy of the experimental test.

Keywords:

• breakdown voltage
• dissipation factor
• dissolved gas analysis
• nanofluid
• oil treatment
• transformer oil
• TiO₂ nanoparticles

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The researchers would like to acknowledge the Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University for funding this work.

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work is funded and supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, Taif University.

Notes on contributors

Saad A. Mohamed Abdelwahab

Saad A. Mohamed Abdelwahab Associate Professor, Electrical Department, Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez University in 2021. He received his B.Sc, M.Sc., and Ph. D. degrees from the Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt, in 2006, 2011, and 2016, respectively. His current research interests include renewable energy sources, electrical machines, control systems, power electronics, power system optimization, and high voltage systems.

Sherif S. M. Ghoneim

Sherif S. M. Ghoneim (Senior Member, IEEE) received the B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees from the Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Egypt, in 1994 and 2000, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical power and machines from the Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, in 2008. He was a Guest Researcher with the Institute of Energy Transport and Storage (ETS), University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany from 2005 to 2007. Currently, he is a Full Professor of High voltage at Taif University. His research interests include High Voltage Engineering.

Mohammed Shaban

Mohammed Shaban Head of the maintenance and Tests Department at the Egyptian Electricity Transmission Company. He received his B.Sc. from the Faculty of Engineering, Port Said University, in 2006. Then, M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from the Faculty of Technology and Education, Suez Canal University, Suez, Egypt, in 2011 and 2019, respectively. His current research interests include high voltage systems, maintenance, and tests of electrical equipment.

Mohamed M. F. Darwish

Mohamed M. F. Darwish (Senior Member, IEEE) was born in Cairo, Egypt. He is currently working as an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering at Shoubra, Benha University, Egypt. He was also a Postdoctoral Researcher at Aalto University, Finland, with Prof. M. Lehtonen’s Group. His research interests include high voltage, cable insulation, fault diagnosis, renewable energy, and Industry 4.0. He has been nominated as an Editor in Applied Energy and Electric Power Components & Systems Journals. Further, Associate Editors in High Voltage, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, and Frontiers in Energy Research Journals.

Abdallah M. Hamada

Abdallah M. Hamada was born in El-Bahira, Egypt, in 1983. He graduated from Helwan University, Egypt, with a Bachelor of Industrial Education in 2005 with a First-Class honors degree from the Department of Electrical Technology. He received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Faculty of Industrial Education, Suez University, Suez, Egypt, in 2012 and 2016, respectively. Currently, he is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Technological, Alexandria, Egypt. His research interests include power system protection, distribution networks, and renewable energy systems.