Smart Vehicle to Grid Energy Management Algorithm for Electric Vehicle Supported by Photovoltaic Energy Sources

Abstract

The paper demonstrates grid improvements with results considering the integration of smart charging algorithms of electric vehicles (EVs) and photovoltaic (PV) energy sources to effectively manage energy flow. It aims to minimize energy costs by leveraging the bidirectional energy transfer capability of EVs and optimizing their interaction with the grid and PV sources. The proposed algorithm takes into account various parameters such as transformer load ratios, solar power generation, and the state of charge of vehicle batteries. The algorithms are implemented by acquiring one year’s real-time data of a predetermined transformer in a neighborhood from the electricity distribution company. The number of EV is estimated for the years 2025 and 2030. Buildings with energy management systems (BEMS), which charge EV with a controlled charging algorithm, provide renewable energy support with PV and reduce the transformer load during peak hours with the V2G algorithm. BEMS is not applied in buildings without EV or PV. Simulation results demonstrate that as the number of EVs increases, renewable energy source support and controlled charging algorithm alone are not sufficient. However, it demonstrate that energy costs and grid stress are successfully minimized by using the V2G algorithm in addition to controlled charging algorithm and PV.

Keywords:

• V2G
• electrical charge
• EV charge management
• photovoltaic energy
• build energy management system

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Said Yayla

Said Yayla was born in 1989 in Turkey. He received his diploma in Mechatronic Engineering from Kocaeli University, Turkiye in 2012. Received his MSc degree from Gebze Technical University, Turkiye, in 2017. He is a Ph.D. student currently. He worked as a researcher engineer in public institution for 6 years on ROV, national wind turbine and energy conversion projects. He currently works in a public institution as a technical teacher of industrial automation technologies.

Engin Ozdemir

Engin Ozdemir received the bachelor and master degrees in electrical engineering from Yildiz Technical University in 1991 and 1994 respectively. Then he received his Ph.D. degree in the same field from Kocaeli University, Turkiye, in 1998. He became an Assistant Professor, an Associate Professor, and a Full Professor in 1998, 2008, and 2013, respectively. He was the Head of Department in Energy Systems Engineering and acting Dean Faculty of Technology in Kocaeli University, Turkiye. He is currently a Full Professor with Kocaeli University. He has authored or coauthored more than 40 journal papers, 45 conference papers in different subjects, including power electronics, smart grid and renewable energy sources.