DeepFore: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Power Forecasting in Renewable Energy Systems

Abstract

An open network known as the “energy internet” links every component of the whole energy supply chains, from the generations. Due to their ability to mimic regional flow dynamics that have an impact on wind farm production, regional meteorological models are increasingly being used as a general tool for wind resource forecasting. In this study, higher vertical and horizontal resolutions WRF (weather research and forecasting) paradigm simulation are used to anticipate and validate production for a genuine onshore wind farm. This paper proposed a DeepFore which is a power forecasting system for hybrid renewable energy systems. Initially, the dataset is generated by the hybrid system. This data is preprocessed to improve the quality of the data by incorporating, filtering and outlier detection techniques. Then, this enriched data is fed into K++ means clustering algorithm to separate the normal data from faulty data. With the normal and original data, Teaching-Learning based optimization algorithm attempts to realize the optimal features which are important for forecasting. Finally, Deep SARSA which is deep reinforcement learning algorithm is incorporated to determine the power generated by the hybrid system. Better winds energy prediction estimations enable more efficient utilization of the produced electricity, according to computational models.

Keywords:

• power quality
• energy data
• power forecasting
• hybrid energy systems

Disclosure Statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate

No participation of humans takes place in this implementation process.

Human and Animal Rights

No violation of Human and Animal Rights is involved.

Data Availability Statement

Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Authorship Contributions

All authors are contributed equally to this work.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Jayarama Pradeep

Jayarama Pradeep (Member, IEEE) received her B.E. (Electrical and Electronics Engineering) from Madras University, M.E. (Power Electronics and Drives) from Sathyabama University, and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the Sathyabama University, Tamil Nadu. She is the Professor and Head of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, St. Joseph’s College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu. She has 21 years of teaching experience. Her research interests include power electronics and drives, robotics, electrical machines and control, Industrial automation and Internet of Things.

S. Raja Ratna

S. Raja Ratna has completed her B.E. degree in 2000 and M.Tech degree in 2005. She has completed her Ph.D. degree in Information and Communication Engineering at Anna University, Chennai in the year 2015. Currently, she is working as an Associate Professor in the department of Computer Science and Engineering in SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Ramapuram, Chennai. She has more than 15 years of teaching experience in various Engineering colleges. She has published more than 45 papers in international journals and her area of interest includes cyber security, wireless network and network security.

P. K. Dhal

P. K. Dhal is working as Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and Technology. He graduated in Electrical Engineering at The Institute of Engineers (India), Calcutta, India. He secured Master of Engineering in Power systems at Thiagarajar College of Engineering, Madurai, India. He is completed his Ph.D. in the field of Power System at Sathyabama University, Chennai, India. He is in teaching profession for more than 20 years. He has presented number of research papers in National, International Journals, and Conferences. He is a life member of ISTE, IAENG and active member of IEEE. His main area of interest includes Power Stability, Power Quality, Optimization Techniques, Power Electronics application to Power System, Renewable Energy & Smart Grid.

K. V. Daya Sagar

K. V. Daya Sagar is currently working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering at Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (Deemed to be University) in Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. He obtained his B.Tech degree from Andhra University, M.Tech degree from Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, and Ph.D. from Shri Venkateswara University. With 45 journal papers and 6 patents to his credit, his research interests encompass IoT, Cloud Computing, AI, ML, DL, and Cloud Security.

P. S. Ranjit

P. S. Ranjit is a Board of Studies Member of Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada (JNTUK). SAEINDIA Faculty Development Core Committee Member, SAEINDIA Amaravathi Division MC Member, and had more than 22 years of teaching experience in both U.G. and P.G. programmes and 15 years of research experience along with 10 years administrative experience as head -Automotive Design Engineering at University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun. He worked as a Program Director for M/s. Mahindra & Mahindra and M/s. Hero Motocorp plants at Haridwar for 5 years. He executed 8.1 Million Rupees MNRE, Govt. of India, project on Hydrogen engines and had more than 80 Research Papers including SCI, Scopus, Journals along with International and National Conferences in addition to 70 Patents, 20 Industrial Designs, 17 Copy Rights, 24 Book Chapters and Four International Textbooks into his credit. Mentored various International and National level competitions like Formula 1 London, BAJA, Supra, Effi-Cycle, Go-kart, National Kart etc… And also part-time Faculty with New School of Architecture + Design, San Diago, USA. He is also a visiting faculty of Unitedworld Institute of Design, Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat and University of Technology & Management (UTM), Shillong. He established I.C. Engines Research Lab with NFPA Class I Division 2 Group B Standards at UPES. He is a Life member of “The Combustion Institute – Indian Section (CIIS)”, Member of “Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)”, Fellow of Institution of Engineers (FIE), Life Member of “Indian Society for Technical Education”, Member of International Association of Engineers, and Charted Engineer. Come to his Education, Ph.D in I.C. Engines, M.E. in Mechanical Engineering, B.E. in Automobile Engineering with University 2^nd Rank and Diploma in Automobile Engineering with State Rank. Presently associated with Aditya Engineering College as a Professor in Department of Mechanical Engineering since 2018.

Ravi Rastogi

Ravi Rastogi (B.Tech, M.Tech, Phd Pursuing) presently serving as Scientist- D and Head of Department of Electronics Divison at National Institute of Electronics and Information Technology, Gorakhpur, UP India, an autonomous body governed by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Govt of India. He has more than 9 years of experience in teaching and research. He has successfully executed industrial consultancy project and capacity building projects funded by both industry and central & state Govt. He has published more than 20 articles in national and international journals, guided several M.Tech students and implemented various projects. His area of research includes VLSI Design, Digital Signal and Image processing, Embedded Systems, Device Modeling, and Cyber Security.

Vigneshwaran K

Vigneshwaran K is currently working as Assistant Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering at K. Ramakrishnan College of Engineering, Trichy. He has completed UG in Communication Systems and currently pursuing Ph.D. degree on the topic “Substrate Integrated Waveguide Antenna For Wireless Applications” from Anna University ,Chennai. He has interested in the domain of Microwave Engineering, Embedded Systems and IOT, Microcontrollers and Microprocessors. He has more than 10+ publication in international journals and conferences. He is having 9+ years of teaching experience. He is member in ISTE. E-mail: [email protected]

A. Rajaram

A. Rajaram received the B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Government, College of Technology, Coimbatore, Anna University, Chennai, India, in 2006, the M.E. degree in Applied Electronics from the Government College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India, in 2008 and he received the Full Time Ph.D. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from the Anna University of Technology, Coimbatore, India in March 2011. He is currently working as a professor in Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, E.G.S Pillay Engineering College, Nagapattinam. His research interests include Mobile Ad Hoc networks, wireless communication networks (WiFi, WiMax HighSlot GSM), novel VLSI NoC Design approaches to address issues such as low-power, cross-talk, hardware acceleration, Design issues includes OFDM MIMO and noise Suppression in MAI Systems, ASIC design, Control systems, Fuzzy logic and Networks, AI, Sensor Networks.