Blockchain-Driven Demand Response System for Resilient and Sustainable MicroGrids Integrating Wind Energy Conversion Systems

Abstract

This study introduces the B-DDR system, leveraging blockchain technology for real-time, decentralized energy management in MicroGrids. By integrating Vertical Axis Wind Turbines (VAWTs), including a novel H-Darius VAWT-PMSG model with magnetic levitation and aerodynamic considerations, the proposed approach addresses challenges in optimizing energy supply and demand. Blockchain smart contracts facilitate peer-to-peer energy trading among WECS owners and users, promoting efficient renewable energy utilization. The system, analyzed through optimization models, demonstrates a notable reduction in peak demand rate from 40% to 15%, an improvement in energy efficiency from 7% to 12%, and a remarkable 92% increase in utilization efficiency. With a transaction speed of 5s during outages, the B-DDR system proves its capability to enhance MicroGrids, ensuring a robust, efficient, and sustainable energy environment. The incorporation of H-Darius VAWT-based PMSGs and blockchain technology enables precise demand response, achieving effective grid energy state equilibrium while minimizing losses. The self-executing agreements, monitored by H-Darius-PMSG nodes, provide real-time tracking and balancing, addressing the dynamic challenges posed by fluctuating demand requirements in a decentralized and efficient manner.

Keywords:

• WECS
• blockchain
• DDR
• microgrid
• grid stability
• load balancing
• smart contracts
• decentrailized energy

DISCLOSURE STATEMENT

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Venkatesh Kumar Pandiyan

Venkatesh Kumar Pandiyan obtained his BE degree (2004) in Electrical and Electronics Engineering and his ME (2010) in Power Systems and PhD (2019) from Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VEL TECH MULTI TECH DR. RANGARAJAN DR. SAKUNTHALA ENGINEERING COLLEGE, Avadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. He has published around 30 papers in International journals and conferences.

Rajheshwari K. Chinnasamy

Rajheshwari K. Chinnasamy is at present working as Associate Professor at Sona College of Technology, Salem, India. She received her B.E. degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Bharathiar University, in 2002 and her M.E. degree in Computer Science and Engineering from Anna University, Chennai in 2006. She has obtained her doctoral degree in the year 2016. Her research focus is on the enrichment of spontaneous speech synthesis. Her research interest includes Speech and language processing, Machine learning and Intelligent Computing. She has more than 40 publications across various international, national journals and conferences. She is also reviewer for reputed journals.

Karthik Kathan

Karthik Kathan received the Engineer Degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Mookambigai College of Engineering, Pudhukottai in 2008. He received his M.E., degree in Power Electronics and Drives from Government College of Engineering, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India, in 2010.He is now working as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering at Kongunadu College of Engineering & Technology(Autonomous), Tirchy, Tamil Nadu, India. His area of interests includes Signals and systems, Control systems, Electromagnetic field, Power systems, D.C and A.C. Drives, Renewable energy and E-vehicle. He has published 9 articles in peer reviewed International journals and presented 10 papers in International conferences. He can be contacted at Email: [email protected].

Arulmurugan Loganathan

Arulmurugan Loganathan is working as an Associate Professor in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, Erode. He received a Ph.D degree in the area of Information and Communication Engineering from Anna University in 2019. He has completed Bachelor of Engineering in Electronics and Communication Engineering from Bharathiar University in 2004 and Master of Engineering in Applied Electronics from Anna University, Chennai in 2006. His research interest is VLSI Design, Artificial Intelligence, Wireless Sensor Networks, Embedded System, Phase Change Materials and Electronics Cooling System. He can be contacted at Email: [email protected].