Time Perspectives and Proneness to PTSD Among Syrian Refugees in Greece

Abstract

We tested the possible relationship between Time Perspectives (TPs) and PTSD-vulnerability among Syrian refugees in Greece. We have used the Standard Arabic version of the Zimbardo Time Perspectives Inventory (ZTPI) by Djarallah; the Posttraumatic Symptom Scale by Raphael et al., and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem. Our results indicate that Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, and Future are associated with PTSD and that the Deviance from a Negative Time Perspective (DNTP) as an overall configuration plays an essential role. Refugees could benefit from the implementation of TP therapy with the aim of reaching a Balanced Time Perspective.

Keywords:

• ZTPI
• DBTP
• DNTP
• posttraumatic stress disorder
• refugees

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Julie Papastamatelou

Julie Papastamatelou (PhD) holds a Master’s degree in Social Sciences (University of Mannheim, Germany). She has further pursued a Master's degree in Criminal Justice Studies (University of Portsmouth, UK) a Master's degree in Criminology (University of Bern, Switzerland) and a Master's degree in European Union Studies (University of Salzburg, Austria). She is currently Lecturer and Researcher at the University of Business and Society Ludwigshafen (Germany), cooperating staff member of the Personality and Social Adaption Laboratory of the Southwest University Chongqing (China) and Researcher at the National School of Business and Management of Casablanca, Morocco (University of Hassan II).

Alexander Unger

Alexander Unger (PhD, University of Mannheim, Germany) is a Researcher at the Ludwigshafen University of Business and Society, Germany. His research interests are self-control, self-regulation, construal-level and time perspectives. He is a cooperating staff member of the Personality and Social Adaption Laboratory of the Southwest University Chongqing (China) and Guest Associate Professor at the same institution. He is also an Associate Professor at the National School of Business and Management of Casablanca, Morocco (University of Hassan II).

Andreas Zachariadis

Andreas Zachariadis is a Social Psychologist (PhD). He holds a Master's degree in Cultural Management (Panteion University, Athens), a Bachelor's degree in Psychology (Panteion University, Athens) and a Bachelor's degree in Sociology (Panteion University, Athens). He is an Adjunct Lecturer at the Technological University of Athens and at the Military School of Noncommissioned Officers. His research interests include social influence, social representations and psychopathology.