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Abstract
To longitudinally measure the relationship between trauma, dissociation, complex PTSD (CPTSD), and executive function (EF), we used a sample of 228 at two times with ten weeks in-between. We measured cumulative trauma, dissociation, CPTSD, and EF. We used two structural equation modeling with cumulative trauma and type III continuous trauma at time 1 as independent variables and dissociation, CPTSD, and EF at time two as dependent variables. Cumulative trauma and continuous traumatic had medium to large effect sizes on dissociation. Dissociation had a large effect size on CPTSD and EFD. However, the association between dissociation and EFD is more non-linear.
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Ibrahim Aref Kira
Ibrahim Aref Kira, Ph.D. is the Director of the Center of Cumulative Trauma Studies, Stone Mountain, GA, USA (an international virtual research organization) and an affiliate of The Center for Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA. His areas of interest include stress and trauma dynamics, identity, and resiliency. He is the lead developer of the development-based taxonomy of stressors and traumas.
Hanaa Shuwiekh
Hanaa A. M. Shuwiekh, Ph.D. is a professor and head of the Psychology Department at the University of Fayoum, Egypt. Her areas of interest include stress and trauma, gender issues, and resiliency.
Andreas Laddis
Andreas Laddis, MD is a practicing psychiatrist in Boston and scholar. He is Author of Role Reconstruction Therapy. He has scholarly publications on the diagnosis and treatment of Complex PTSD and Dissociative Disorders. He is a distinguished life fellow of the American Psychiatric Association. He is recipient of the lifetime achievement award of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation.