Nonlinear CZM-based predictive analysis of damage in single-lap composite joints: An exploration of the FGM concept in Fiber–Matrix coupling

Abstract

This study introduces an innovative numerical approach, validated through experiments, to incorporate functional graded materials (FGMs) volume fractions into mixing laws for fiber–matrix unidirectional composites. Nonlinear techniques address adhesive ductility, with the cohesive zone modelling (CZM) model integrated into finite element analysis using the ABAQUS code. The CZM model encompasses shear and detachment modes, characterized by adhesive stress increase in a trapezoidal shape. Proposed strategies introduce layer-specific fiber presence; concepts like C-1 exhibit denser fibers toward the middle, while C-2 and C-3 position them nearer to the plate edge. Stiffness from attached plates significantly governs overall responses, particularly under mixed loading conditions. The results have shown that the proposed grading concept C-2 provides an over-resistance capacity compared to other concepts. Additionally, using a special mesh in the composite grading, the results indicate that the adhesive formulation used in this analysis and the approach followed are primarily based on experimental results, demonstrating good agreement with the numerical model employed.

Keywords:

• functional-graded materials (FGM)
• fiber–matrix
• damage
• composite
• cohesive zone modelling (CZM)
• adhesive

Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank the experts and researchers who generously shared their invaluable insights and feedback while developing our novel numerical approach. Their expertise has played a significant role in enhancing the innovation and reliability of our methodology.

Disclosure statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest related to the research presented in this work. They have no financial, personal, or professional relationships that could influence the interpretation of the data or the objectivity of the findings.

Furthermore, the authors confirm that this research has been conducted with integrity and in accordance with ethical standards. The results and conclusions presented are based solely on the data and analysis, without bias or external influence.

In the event that any potential conflicts of interest arise in the future, the authors commit to disclosing them promptly and transparently. This statement ensures the integrity and credibility of the research findings and maintains the trust of the readers and the scientific community.

Correction Statement

This article has been corrected with minor changes. These changes do not impact the academic content of the article.