A review on potential toxicity of dental material and screening their biocompatibility

Abstract

Objectives: A wide range of compounds are utilized in dentistry such as dental composites, resins, and implants. The successful clinical use of dental materials relies on theirm physiochemical properties as well as biological and toxicological reliability. Different local and systemic toxicities of dental materials have been reported. Placement of these materials in oral cavity for a long time period might yield unwanted reactions. An extensive variety of materials is used in dentistry including filling materials, restorative materials, intracanal medicines, prosthetic materials, different types of implants, liners, and irrigants. The increasing rate in development of the novel materials with applications in the dental field has led to an increased consciousness of the biological risks and tempting restrictions of these materials. The biocompatibility of a biomaterial used for the replacement or filling of biological tissue such as teeth always had a high concern within the health care disciplines for patients.

Materials and methods: Any material used in humans should be tested before clinical application. There are many tests evaluating biocompatibility of these materials at the point of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical investigations.

Results: The current review discusses the potential toxicity of dental material and screening of their biocompatibility.

Clinical relevance: It is essential to use healthy and safe materials medical approaches. In dentistry, application of different materials in long-term oral usage demands low or nontoxic agents gains importance for both patients and the staff. Furthermore, screening tests should evaluate any potential toxicity before clinical application.

Keywords:

• Biocompatibility
• toxicology
• oral health
• dentistry
• dental materials
• toxicity

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Maragheh University of Medical Sciences for their moral support.

Disclosure statement

All authors including Shahriar Shahi, Aziz Eftekhari, Solmaz Maleki Dizaj, Simin Sharifi, Nadin Al-Haj Husain, Elham Ahmadian, and Mutlu Özcan declare that they have no conflict of interest.