Multiple-heated cooking oil promotes early hepatic and renal senescence in adult male rats: the potential regenerative capacity of oleuropein

Abstract

For economic purposes, cooking oil is repeatedly heated in food preparation, which imposes serious health threats. This study investigated the detrimental effects of multiple-heated cooking oil (MHO) on hepatic and renal tissues with particular focusing on cellular senescence (CS), and the potential regenerative capacity of oleuropein (OLE). Adult male rats were fed MHO-enriched diet for 8 weeks and OLE (50 mg/kg, PO) was administered daily for the last four weeks. Liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress markers were measured. Cell cycle markers p53, p21, cyclin D, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) were evaluated in hepatic and renal tissues. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and Bax were assessed by immunohistochemistry. General histology and collagen deposition were also examined. MHO disturbed hepatic and renal structures and functions. MHO-fed rats showed increased oxidative stress, TNF-α, Bax, and fibrosis in liver and kidney tissues. MHO also enhanced the renal and hepatic expression of p53, p21, cyclin D and PCNA. On the contrary, OLE mitigated MHO-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory burden, apoptotic and fibrotic changes. OLE also suppressed CS and preserved kidney and liver functions. Collectively, OLE displays marked regenerative capacity against MHO-induced hepatic and renal CS, via its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.

Keywords:

• Oleuropein
• cellular senescence
• multiple-heated cooking oil
• oxidative stress
• cyclin D
• p21

Authors’ contributions

Methodology, resources, formal and statistical analysis, writing original draft, reviewing, and editing were done by Esraa Zakaria and Rania Elrashidy. Resources, data analysis, writing and revising manuscript were done by Ebaa Mohammed. Histological investigation and writing methods and results of the histological analysis were done by Amera Alsemeh and Asmaa Eltaweel.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.