Do Perceptions Become Reality? Exploring Principals’ Perceptions, Schools’ SRO/Police Presence, and Student Discipline Reporting Policies

ABSTRACT

While recent scholarship generally emphasizes how public school principals’ perceptions influence various school safety practices, far less is understood about how principals’ perceptions of school crime risk and academic climate informs schools’ decisions on specific school safety outcomes, including a school’s SRO/police presence and policies on whether to report student disciplinary incidents to law enforcement agencies. Using data drawn from the 2017–18 School Survey on Crime and Safety and 2,500 public schools in the United States, this study examines these questions. The results make clear that the influence of principals’ perceptions vary across different school safety outcomes. Equally important is that the variation appears to be nonrandom. While the uneven salience of principals’ perceptions does not necessarily dilute their importance to school policies, it does underscore the need for a more granular accounting and understanding of how various important school-level safety outcomes arise.

KEYWORDS:

• Crime risk
• school safety
• principals’ perceptions
• academic climate

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Data for this article draw principally from the 2017–18 School Survey on Crime and Safety (SSOCS) [Restricted-Use Data File]. A public-access version of this data set as well as relevant codebooks are publically available. https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ssocs/data_products.asp#2018.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Michael Heise

Michael Heise is William G. McRoberts Professor of the Empirical Study of Law, Cornell Law School.

Jason P. Nance, is Professor of Law, University of Florida Levin College of Law.