Trends in Bias-Based Bullying from 2015 to 2019 and the Associations Among Bias-Based Bullying, School Avoidance, and Supportive Adults at School

ABSTRACT

This study examines the prevalence of bias-based bullying and the associations among bias-based bullying, negative effects, school avoidance, and supportive adults. Frequency analysis and moderated mediation analysis were conducted using a national sample of adolescents aged 12 to 18 in the U.S. from the 2015, 2017, and 2019 National Crime Victimization Survey School Crime Supplement. Among the adolescents who were bullied between 2015 and 2019 (N = 629 in 2015, N = 1,179 in 2017, and N = 1,197 in 2019), 40.3% − 45.0% of them thought that bullying was related to their race, religion, ethnic origin, disability, gender, sexual orientation, or physical appearance. Among the adolescents who were bullied, the most frequently perceived reason was physical appearance (28.1% − 30.8%), followed by race (10.2% − 11.8%). The presence of supportive adults at school significantly moderates the mediational pathway between experiencing multiple forms of bias-based bullying and school avoidance through the negative effects of bullying.

KEYWORDS:

• Bullying
• bias-based bullying
• school avoidance
• supportive adults
• adolescents

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Additional information

Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Notes on contributors

HyunGyung Joo

HyunGyung Joo., Ph.D., is an Associate Professor in the Counselor Education program at California State University, Sacramento. Her research focuses on bullying, mental health, and wellness among adolescents and college students.

Hyemi Lee

Hyemi Lee, Ed.D., is a lecturer in the Department of Elementary Education at Seoul National University of Education in Korea. Her research interests are counseling for children and youth, career counseling, and Neuro-Linguistic Programming.

Bianca Rodriguez

Bianca Rodriguez, M.S., is a counselor at a community mental health agency in the Sacramento area. She graduated from the Counselor Education program at California State University, Sacramento with a Master’s degree in Marriage, Couple, and Family Counseling. Her research interests are trauma-informed care in the involuntary psychiatric hospitalization process, and suicide prevention.