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Abstract
Introduction: In Iran there are about 70 deaths per day from road traffic injuries (RTIs). Despite some interventions having been implemented during the past 5 years, the impacts of these interventions on mortality and morbidity rates have not been well evaluated.
Objective: To ascertain and describe the epidemiological pattern of RTIs in Iran for the years 2004 to 2007 and to compare the epidemiological trends of RTIs, before and 2 years after four road safety programs were put into place.
Methods: A 4-year database from two sources, the traffic police and medico-legal data, was employed. The morbidity and death rates per 10,000 vehicles and per 100,000 populations were calculated as were the odds ratios (ORs) for before and after these national interventional programs. The four interventions concurrently/simultaneously put into place in 2005 were (1) enforcement of laws on the mandatory fastening of seat belts, (2) enforcement of the laws on use of motorcycle helmets, (3) enforcement of general traffic laws, and (4) mass media educational campaigns on national radio and television.
Findings: There was a significant decrease in RTI-related death and morbidity rates in Iran, after the intervention programs were conducted (P < 0.001). The death rate decreased from 38.2 per 100,000 in 2004 to 31.8 in 2007 (OR = 0.83, 95% CI = 0.82–0.85). The death rate per 10,000 vehicles also showed a significant decline from 24.2 to 13.4 (OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.55–0.57). Similar reductions were seen among nonfatal RTIs.
Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the role of traffic police interventions, initiated simultaneously on a national level, in RTI prevention. Though these reductions may not be solely attributable to the interventions implemented, they do highlight the importance of the contribution made by law enforcement and mass education campaigns.
Keywords:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The authors thank Dr. Alireza Esmaeily from the traffic police of Iran, Kidist Bartolomeos from the World Health Organization in Geneva, Niloufar Shiva, and organizations in Iran such as the Medico Legal Organization, Iran Census Statistic Center, and Traffic Police for their collaborations.
Notes
a 95 Percent confidence interval for odds ratio.
b P < 0.001 for all differences.
c Total number of cycles was 3,842,078 and 7,114,798, respectively.