The Need for Drugged Driving Per Se Laws: A Commentary

Abstract

Objective: Triggered by the new federal commitment announced by the Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONCDP) to encourage states to enact drugged driving per se laws, this article reviews the reasons to establish such laws and the issues that may arise when trying to enforce them.

Methods: A review of the state of drunk driving per se laws and their implications for drugged driving is presented, with a review of impaired driving enforcement procedures and drug testing technology.

Results: Currently, enforcement of drugged driving laws is an adjunct to the enforcement of laws regarding alcohol impairment. Drivers are apprehended when showing signs of alcohol intoxication and only in the relatively few cases where the blood alcohol concentration of the arrested driver does not account for the observed behavior is the possibility of drug impairment pursued. In most states, the term impaired driving covers both alcohol and drug impairment; thus, driver conviction records may not distinguish between the two different sources of impairment. As a result, enforcement statistics do not reflect the prevalence of drugged driving.

Conclusions: Based on the analysis presented, this article recommends a number of steps that can be taken to evaluate current drugged driving enforcement procedures and to move toward the enactment of drug per se laws.

Keywords:

• Per se
• DWI
• DUI
• DUID
• Drugged driving
• Drink driving
• Drunk driving
• Alcohol
• Drugs

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This article is a by-product of the Institute for Behavior and Health, Inc.'s, Driving While Intoxicated/Drugged Driving Committee established in 2010. That committee developed a white paper on drugged driving for the National Institute on Drug Abuse. The authors acknowledge the contribution to this policy paper by those who commented on the manuscript: Jane Maxwell, PhD, and David Wallace. The participation of these committee members in the development of this article does not necessarily mean that they agree with all of its contents. The authors are solely responsible for the conclusions presented.