Bicyclist–Bicyclist Crashes—A Medical and Technical Crash Analysis

Abstract

Background: The purpose of this study was to analyze the actual injury situation of bicyclists focusing on accidents involving more than one bicyclist. A medical and technical analysis was performed as a basis for preventive measures.

Methods: Technical and medical data were collected at the scene, shortly after the accident. Technical analysis included speed at crash, type of collision, impact angle, environment, lane used, and relative velocity. Medical analysis included injury patterns and severity (Abbreviated Injury Scale [AIS], Injury Severity Score [ISS]).

Results: Five hundred seventy-eight injured bicyclists in 289 accidents from 1999 to 2008 were included into the study. Sixty-one percent were male (n = 350) and 39 percent were female (n = 228). Sixty-seven percent ranged between 18 and 64 years of age, 12 percent each between 13 and 17 years of age and older than 65 years, 8 percent between 6 and 12 years, and 1 percent between 2 and 5 years. Ninety-two percent of crashes took place in urban areas and 8 percent in rural areas. Ninety-seven percent of crashes occurred in dry conditions and 3 percent in wet conditions. Eighty-three percent of all accidents occurred during the daytime, 10 percent at night, and 7 percent at dawn. The helmet use rate was only 7.5 percent for all involved bicyclists. The mean Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score was 1.31.

Conclusion: The prevalence of bicycle-to-bicycle crashes is high. Most of these accidents occur in urban areas. Bicyclists should be considered as minimally or unprotected road users, with an unsatisfactorily low rate of helmet use. Though the average level and patterns of injuries is moderate, most of the severe injuries involved the head and extremities. However, there was no significant correlation between frequent helmet use and sustained injuries to the head of major AIS.

Keywords:

• bicyclist
• bicycle helmet
• injury severity
• technical analysis
• medical analysis

Acknowledgments

Accident data from the German In-Depth Accident Study (GIDAS) were used. GIDAS is funded by the Federal Highway Research Institute (BASt) and the German Research Association for Automotive Technology, a department of the VDA (German Association of the Automotive Industry). The project was supported by the German Trauma Society's injury prevention group (DGU).