Pedestrian injuries from cars and SUVs: Updated crash outcomes from the vulnerable road user injury prevention alliance (VIPA)

Abstract

Objective

The current short communication was written to update research on real-world pedestrian crashes. In particular, our analysis offers a preliminary update on SUV-pedestrian crash outcomes and how they differ from car-pedestrian crash outcomes. Detailed injury data were linked to vehicle features to offer a better understanding of pedestrian injury etiology.

Methods

We analyzed 82 single-vehicle crashes from the VIPA pedestrian crash database, focusing on crashes involving an SUV or car. Each crash from this database includes an in-depth analysis of police reports, pedestrian medical records, crash reconstructions, and injury attribution by a panel of experts.

Results

SUVs remain disproportionately likely to injure and kill pedestrians compared with cars, but these differences emerged primarily at crashes of intermediate speed. Crashes at low speeds and high speeds tend to produce similar injury outcomes independent of striking vehicle type (mild and fatal, respectively). The data suggest that the elevated danger to pedestrians from SUVs in these crashes may be largely related to injuries caused by impacts with the vehicles’ leading edge: the bumper, grille, and headlights.

Conclusions

Although the current analysis was based on a non-nationally representative dataset, the elevated pedestrian injury risk originating from SUVs’ leading edge is consistent with past research on the subject. That is, despite the changes in vehicle design and fleet composition over the past two decades, SUVs may remain disproportionately likely to injure pedestrians compared with cars.

Keywords:

• Pedestrians
• vehicle type
• injury severity
• injury attribution

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution of the International Council for Automotive Medicine Vulnerable Road Users Prevention Alliance members: Susan Owen at General Motors; Tim Keon at Subaru Corporation; Nick Ables at Hyundai Motor Group; Jason Gainey at Volkswagen Group of America; Anja Schneider at Audi AG, Global Safety Affairs,; and Stuart Wang, Kristen Cunningham, Carla Kohoyda-Inglis, and Robert Kaufman at ICAM.