Coned disk spring with friction or restraint at its edges: Explicit solution and experimental study

Abstract

The behavior of a coned disk spring can be significantly affected by friction or restraint, yet the existing theoretical solutions cannot fully capture these influences. The limitation is particularly problematic for analyzing the behavior of coned disk springs with bi-stability. This paper proposes an explicit solution that can predict the behavior of the coned disk spring under these boundary conditions. The solution considers detailed influences of friction and restraint at the edges of the coned disk spring on its moment equilibrium and location of the neutral fiber. The theoretical results are validated using existing literature, FE analysis, and a series of tests. The theoretical solution confirms that the friction force at the edge of the coned spring significantly affects the axial response of the spring but not its bending moment or distribution of tangential stress. The bending moment and overall behavior of the coned disk spring are, on the other hand, very sensitive to restraints in radial directions. The proposed explicit solution shows good accuracy for coned disk springs with restrained radial stretching and rotation. The solution is particularly useful for coned disk springs in multistable structures and metamaterials.

Keywords:

• Coned disk spring
• bistable structure
• theoretical solution
• negative stiffness
• vibration isolators

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Data availability statement

Some data, codes and models that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request, including all the codes for calculating behavior of the coned disk spring under different boundary conditions from the proposed method. Test results and the numerical model presented in Figs. 11–13 are also available.

Additional information

Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52108275), Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province (BK20190365), National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51625803), Program of Chang Jiang Scholars of Ministry of Education. The authors wish to express their gratitude for these financial supports.