Exploration of Electrical, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Phaseolus vulgaris Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Resin Composite Filled with Nano–SiO2

ABSTRACT

In this study, the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of hybrid natural fiber composite are taken under consideration. Fly ash waste is used as the filler material. Unsaturated polyester resin is used as the matrix material to bind the composite. Alkali-treated Phaseolus vulgaris fiber (PVF) (5% NaOH for 45 min) is taken as the primary filler. Nanosilica synthesized is added to the composite samples at a constant percentage (1%). Samples of various weight percentages are prepared (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% of PVF) and studied. Dielectric strength test for electrical property, thermal conductivity test for the thermal property, mechanical tests like tensile strength, Brinell hardness, Izod impact tests, and water absorption test are also taken under consideration. The composite showed a regular increasing trend in mechanical and electrical properties with varying weight percentages until 6% PVF; afterward, a decreasing trend in the mechanical and electrical properties of the composite was found with greater weight percentages. Whereas for thermal conductivity and water absorption tests, the results showed a regular decreasing trend until 6% PVF; afterward an increasing trend was found. It is found that the composite of 6% PVF and 1% SiO₂ shows better electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties.

摘要

本研究考虑天然纤维混杂复合材料之电、热及力学性质. 粉煤灰废料用作填料. 以不饱和聚酯树脂为基体材料对复合材料进行了粘结. 以碱处理的菜豆纤维（PVF）（5%NaOH，45min）为主要填料. 合成的纳米二氧化硅以1%的比例加入到复合材料中. 制备了不同重量百分比的样品（PVF的2、4、6、8和10%），并对其进行了研究. 还考虑了电气性能的介电强度试验、热性能的导热性试验、拉伸强度、布氏硬度、Izod冲击试验和吸水性试验等机械试验. 复合材料的力学性能和电学性能随重量百分比的变化呈规律性的增加趋势，直到6%PVF后，随着重量百分比的增加，复合材料的力学性能和电学性能下降. 而对于热导率和吸水率，则表现出规律性的下降，直到6%PVF后才开始上升. 结果表明，6%PVF和1%SiO2的复合材料具有较好的电学、热学和力学性能.

KEYWORDS:

• Phaseolus vulgaris fiber
• electrical properties
• thermal properties
• mechanical properties
• hybrid composite
• Nanosilica

关键词:

• 菜豆纤维
• 电性能
• 热性能
• 力学性能
• 混杂复合材料
• 纳米二氧化硅