An Insight into the Diffusion of Direct Dyes into Cellulosic Materials: Effect of Fabric Characteristics, Dye Structure, and Bath Composition

ABSTRACT

The comprehension of capillarity phenomenon is important in chemical, printing, and textile dyeing. The current paper provides an insight into the diffusion of direct dyes into cellulosic materials with regard to the change of fabric characteristics, dye structure, and bath composition. First, an experimental device was developed and series of experiments were carried out using cotton as textile fabric model and direct dyes (Direct Orange 39, Direct Red 79, and Direct Red 80) as wicking liquids. Data were analyzed based on the evolution of diffusion rate [D (cm²/s)] versus C/C₀. Results exhibited that the capillary ascension of dyes depends on weft count, weave structure, yarn type, angle contact, wet agent, dye structure, and dye concentration. The D (cm²/s) values were much higher than for twisted yarn. The tortuosity lowered the diffusion of the dye along with fabrics. The rate of water transport increased with weft count and it became more important when the structure of fabric is more tightened. Both inter-yarn space and vertical position of the fabric limited the ascension of the liquid. In brief, along this study, we demonstrated that the proposed apparatus could provide a potential evaluation of wicking phenomenon along with textile materials.

抽象

对毛细现象的理解在化学, 印染和纺织染色中都很重要. 本文从织物特性, 染料结构和浴液组成的变化等方面探讨了直接染料在纤维素材料中的扩散. 首先,, 研制了一套实验装置, 以棉花为织物模型, 直接染料（直接橙39, 直接红79, 直接红80) 为芯吸液, 进行了一系列实验. 数据分析基于扩散速率[D（cm2/s)]与C/C0的演变. 结果表明, 染料的毛细上升取决于纬纱支数, 组织结构, 纱线类型, 接触角, 润湿剂, 染料结构和染料浓度. D（cm2/s) 值远高于捻线. 弯曲度降低了染料沿织物的扩散. 织物的水分传输速率随纬纱数的增加而增加, 当织物结构更紧密时, 水分传输速率变得更为重要. 纱线间的空间和织物的垂直位置都限制了液体的上升. 简言之, 在这项研究中, 我们证明了所提出的仪器可以提供一个潜在的评估沿纺织材料芯吸现象.

KEYWORDS:

• Capillarity
• cotton
• direct dyes
• diffusion rate
• weave
• contact angle

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Deanship of Scientific Research at Majmaah University for supporting this work under the project number R-2021-11.