Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Typha sp. as a Reinforcing Agent

ABSTRACT

In this study, Typha latifolia (Typha sp.) was investigated as a new raw material for the isolation of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) for future application in geopolymer cement. Cellulose was extracted from the stem fibers by carrying out alkali and bleaching treatments. CNCs were then isolated from the extracted cellulose using the acid hydrolysis method. The chemical composition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin was 60.9%, 7.0%, and 5.7%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed a reduction in particle size due to the loss of the amorphous portion of the Typha sp. fiber. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that CNCs in the acid hydrolysis treatment have good thermal stability at 240 °C which is higher than raw ones. Based on the characteristics of a Typha sp. CNCs, it can be concluded that CNCs have the potential to be used as a reinforcement in geopolymer cement.

摘要

本文研究了香蒲 (Typha latifolia) 作为分离纤维素纳米晶的新原料, 并将其应用于地质聚合物水泥中. 通过碱处理和漂白处理从茎纤维中提取纤维素. 然后用酸水解法从提取的纤维素中分离出纤维素纳米晶. 纤维素, 半纤维素和木质素的化学组成分别为60.9%, 7.0%和5.7%. TEM显微照片显示, 由于香蒲纤维无定形部分的损失, 颗粒尺寸减小. 热重分析 (TGA) 结果表明, 酸水解处理的CNCs在240 °C时具有良好的热稳定性, 其热稳定性高于原料. 根据香蒲的特性, 认为香蒲在地聚合物水泥中具有潜在的补强作用.

KEYWORDS:

• Cellulose nanocrystals
• natural fibers
• acid hydrolysis
• reinforcing agent
• lignocellulosic
• Typha sp.

关键词:

• 纤维素纳米晶体
• 香蒲属
• 天然纤维
• 酸水解
• 增强剂
• 木质纤维素

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the Indonesian Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education and the 2019 Domestic Postgraduate Education Scholarship (BPP-DN) awarded to the first author.