Effect of Natural Crosslinker on the Properties of Chicken Feather and Modified Vegetable Oil Based Green Composites

ABSTRACT

For the past few decades environmental concerns had been influencing the researchers to employ natural fibers and polymers from renewable resources as a replacement for petroleum-based resins and synthetic fibers. In this work, materials from renewable resources were used to prepare the composites. Modified epoxidised soybean oil as resin was employed to prepare the composites with chicken feather fibers as the reinforcing agent by compression molding technique. Epoxidised soybean oil (ESO) was modified by reacting with methacrylic acid and methacrylic anhydride to form resin. Rosin acid derivative was synthesized to serve as the crosslinker for replacement of the petroleum based divinylbenzene (DVB). For comparison, divinylbenzene (DVB) was also employed to copolymerize with the same resin. Chemical structure of rosin derivative was verified by ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. FT-IR study showed the interaction between resin, chicken feather fiber (CFF) and rosin derivatives. The morphological features of the composites were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where it indicated a uniform interaction among the components of the composites. Different experimental results showed that the composites with higher amount of rosin acid derivative showed better properties. Results demonstrated that rosin acid derivative can serve as a substitute for petroleum-based rigid compounds for preparing biocomposites.

摘要

在过去的几十年中, 环境问题一直影响着研究人员使用可再生资源中的天然纤维和聚合物来替代石油基树脂和合成纤维. 在这项工作中, 来自可再生资源的材料被用来制备复合材料. 以改性环氧大豆油为树脂, 以鸡毛纤维为增强剂, 采用模压成型技术制备复合材料. 通过与甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酐反应, 对环氧大豆油 (ESO) 进行改性. 合成了松香酸衍生物, 作为取代石油基二乙烯基苯 (DVB) 的交联剂。为了比较, 二乙烯基苯 (DVB) 也被用于与相同的树脂共聚. 通过1H-NMR谱对松香衍生物的化学结构进行了验证. FT-IR研究表明树脂, 鸡毛纤维 (CFF) 和松香衍生物之间存在相互作用. 通过扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 对复合材料的形态特征进行了评估, 结果表明复合材料组分之间存在均匀的相互作用. 不同的实验结果表明, 松香酸衍生物含量越高, 复合材料的性能越好. 结果表明, 松香酸衍生物可以替代石油基刚性化合物制备生物复合材料.

KEYWORDS:

• Biocomposite
• natural fiber
• mechanical properties
• thermal properties
• biodegradable

关键词:

• 生物复合材料
• 天然纤维
• 力学性能
• 热性能
• 能进行生物降解的

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge DST-SERB (Grant no.- EMR/2016/000537) for their financial assistance.

Declaration of Conflicting Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests associated with the publication of this paper.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the DST-SERB [EMR/2016/000537].