A Review on Silver Nanoparticles -green Synthesis, Antimicrobial Action and Application in Textiles

ABSTRACT

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and green synthesis have hegemony over their counterparts. This paper reviews- green synthesis mechanism, antimicrobial mechanism and, incorporation of AgNPs in textiles. Green synthesis is nontoxic, unlike chemical methods, cost-effective and precise, unlike physical techniques. In green synthesis, the reconversion of biomolecules from NADPH to NADP⁺releases electrons that reduce silver ions. Harmoniously, the functional groups of biomolecules act as polar-end to formulate steric stabilization. Green synthesized AgNPs are loaded on fabrics through different loading techniques such as pad-dry-cure, immersion, in situ, and others. This review also depicts the feasible mechanisms to explain the antimicrobial action of AgNPs. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs is adequate for annihilating both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The nanoparticle morphology depends on various constituents such as pH, temperature, concentration, and others. The acidic environment causes a larger nanoparticle size. Typically, the room temperature is enough for green synthesis. Whereas, high concentration of either plant extracts or metal precursors causes large nanoparticles. Hence, various shapes and sizes are possible by consolidating diverse concentrations of plants and metal precursors. Complicated connections may prevail amongst numerous concentrations, pH, temperature, and others with varying phytochemicals.

摘要

银纳米颗粒 (AgNPs) 和绿色合成技术在其同类产品中占据主导地位. 本文综述了银纳米粒子的绿色合成机理、抗菌机理及其在纺织品中的应用. 绿色合成是无毒的, 不像化学方法, 成本效益高, 精确, 不像物理技术. 在绿色合成中, 生物分子从NADPH再转化为NADP+会释放电子, 从而还原银离子. 协调地, 生物分子的官能团充当极性端, 形成空间稳定. 绿色合成的AgNP通过不同的加载技术 (如垫干固化、浸渍、原位等) 加载到织物上. 这篇综述还描述了解释AgNPs抗菌作用的所有可行机制. AgNPs的抗菌活性足以消灭革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性细菌. 纳米颗粒的形态取决于各种成分, 如pH值、温度、浓度等. 酸性环境会导致较大的纳米颗粒尺寸. 通常, 室温足以进行绿色合成. 然而, 高浓度的植物提取物或金属前体会导致较大的纳米粒子. 因此, 通过整合不同浓度的植物和金属前体, 各种形状和大小都是可能的. 许多浓度、pH值、温度和其他不同的植物化学物质之间可能存在复杂的联系.

KEYWORDS:

• Green synthesis
• silver nanoparticles
• antimicrobial textiles
• nanoparticle synthesis
• antimicrobial mechanism

关键词:

• 绿色合成
• 银纳米颗粒
• 抗菌纺织品
• 纳米粒子合成
• 抗菌机理

Highlights

• Mechanism of green synthesis

  • How do reduction, nucleation, and stabilization happen?

• Mechanism of antimicrobial action of silver nanoparticles

  • How does silver nanoparticles attached to the microbes

  • How does Reactive Oxygen Species generate?

• Nanoparticles loading on fabric

  • Available methods for nanoparticles loading along with the conditions

• Factors of nanoparticle morphology

  • pH, Concentration, zeta potential, temperature

Acknowledgments

We acknowledge that all the information is true. The article has not been submitted to anywhere. We have no conflict of interest.