Closing the Loop: Dyeing and Adsorption Potential of Mulberry Wood Waste

ABSTRACT

This study reports the successful transformation of mulberry wood waste into natural textile dye and adsorbent for Pb²⁺ ions from an aqueous solution. Fabrics of different chemical compositions were dyed using mulberry wood extract, whereas wool possessed the best appearance and color fastness to washing. Among differently dyed wool fabrics, those dyed with 15% extract for 5 h has the highest color strength (K/S = 11.24) and antioxidant activity (83.5%), and the best color and antioxidant activity fastness to washing, making it appropriate for protecting the skin from diverse damages by decelerating the effect of free radical. Moreover, it could be suggested that the binding mechanism proceeds via strong hydrogen bonds between wool surface carboxylate groups and characteristic phenolics found in the extract (dominantly taxifolin, oxyresveratrol, ellagic acid, and tannins). The mulberry wood solid parts separated after the extraction were further evaluated as adsorbents for Pb²⁺ ions. The highest lead removal was achieved at a solution pH of 5.5, while the equilibrium removal was reached after 4 h of contact time. At 20 mg/l initial lead concentration, the mulberry wood waste removal efficiency was 98.8%. The results of this study represent a step forward to a healthier, cleaner, and more sustainable society.

摘要

本研究报告了将桑木废料成功转化为天然纺织染料和水溶液中Pb2+ 离子的吸附剂. 不同化学成分的织物用桑木提取物染色, 而羊毛的外观和耐洗色牢度最好. 在不同染色的羊毛织物中, 用15%提取物染色5小时的羊毛织物具有最高的颜色强度 (K/S = 11.24) 和抗氧化活性 (83.5%), 并且具有最佳的颜色和抗氧化活性耐洗牢度, 因此适合通过减缓自由基的作用来保护皮肤免受各种损伤. 此外, 可以认为, 结合机制是通过羊毛表面羧基和提取物中的特征酚类 (主要是紫杉醇, 白藜芦醇, 鞣花酸和单宁) 之间的强氢键进行的. 提取后分离的桑木固体部分被进一步评估为Pb2+ 离子的吸附剂. 在溶液pH值为5.5时, 铅的去除率最高, 而接触时间为4小时后, 铅的去除率达到平衡. 在20mg/l的初始铅浓度下, 桑木废弃物的去除率为98.8%. 这项研究的结果代表着朝着一个更健康, 更清洁, 更可持续的社会迈进了一步.

KEYWORDS:

• Mulberry wood extract
• dyeing
• wool
• antioxidant activity
• lead ions
• adsorption

关键词:

• 桑木提取物
• 染色
• 羊毛
• 抗氧化活性
• 铅离子
• 吸附作用

Highlights

1. From 1 kg of mulberry wood waste, about 66 l of 15% extract might be obtained which were sufficient for obtaining 1.32 kg wool fabric having 83.5% antioxidant activity.

2. About 1 kg of solid parts that were separated from the extract by filtration is capable of removing 98.8% of Pb²⁺ ions from a 400 000 l aqueous solution in which the lead concentration is 20 mg/l.

3. The mulberry wood waste was successfully transformed into natural textile dye and adsorbent for lead ions from an aqueous solution.

Acknowledgments

The authors thank CiS Institute D. O. O. (Belgrade, Serbia) for colorimetric parameters’ determination, Biljana Dojcinović (University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology, and Metallurgy) for ICP-OES measurements and Matea Korica (Innovation Center of the Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade) for determination of fabric zeta potential.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website.

Additional information

Funding

This study was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200287 and 451-03-9/2021-14/200135) for funding the study.