Structural and Thermal Characterization of Chemically Pretreated and Thermally Oxidized Bamboo Fiber in Activated Carbon Fiber Manufacturing

ABSTRACT

The transformations of structural and thermal properties of bamboo precursor fiber impregnated with diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP), sodium metasilicate, and urea (in brief DAP-SMSU) throughout the oxidative thermal stabilization process were studied. The oxidation of bamboo fiber was performed for different oxidation duration from 40 to 120 minutes at temperatures up to 245°C utilizing a multistep stabilization strategy. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to characterize the structure and properties of oxidized bamboo fibers. The outcomes indicate that DAP-SMSU integration greatly influenced enhancing the thermal stability of bamboo fibers. The findings of the XRD analysis revealed that the amorphization process with increasing stabilization time resulted in the loss of crystallinity and in the growing transformation to a significantly cross-linked and cyclized structure. TGA study revealed that DAP-SMSU pretreatment improved thermal stability by forming a growing amount of ladder-like structures comprising aromatic substances. The drop of crystallinity with time was observed by IR spectra, corroborating the results of X-ray diffraction studies. The development of double-bonded C = C was also observed in IR spectra, which was ascribed to the creation of a cross-linked ladder-like structure.

摘要

研究了浸渍磷酸氢二铵 (DAP), 偏硅酸钠和尿素 (简称DAP-SMSU) 的竹原丝在氧化热稳定过程中的结构和热性能变化。 采用多步稳定策略, 在245°C的温度下, 对竹纤维进行不同氧化时间 (40至120分钟) 的氧化。 利用X射线衍射 (XRD)、热重分析(TGA)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对氧化竹纤维的结构和性能进行了表征。 结果表明, DAP-SMSU一体化对提高竹纤维的热稳定性有很大影响。 XRD分析结果表明, 随着稳定时间的增加, 非晶化过程导致结晶度损失, 并逐渐转变为明显的交联和环化结构。 TGA研究表明, DAP-SMSU预处理通过形成越来越多的包含芳香物质的梯状结构来提高热稳定性。 红外光谱观察到结晶度随时间下降, 证实了X射线衍射研究的结果。 在红外光谱中也观察到了双键C=C的形成, 这归因于交联梯形结构的形成.

KEYWORDS:

• Bamboo fiber
• DAP
• sodium metasilicate
• urea
• oxidation
• amorphization

关键词:

• 竹纤维
• 偏硅酸钠
• 尿素
• 氧化
• 非晶化

Paper highlights

• Bamboo fibers were pretreated with DAP, sodium metasilicate, and urea.

• A multistep oxidation process was carried out of the bamboo fibers in the air.

• TGA results showed the faster development of thermal stability.

• XRD and infrared findings showed a steady loss of crystallinity.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by a grant from the Higher Education Council of Turkey to Md. Mahbubor Rahman under the YÖK Scholarship Program. We also thank KARSU Textile, Turkey for their cordial support in providing the bamboo packages.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.