A Formaldehyde-free P-N Synergistic Flame Retardant Containing Phosphonate and Ammonium Phosphate for Cotton Fabrics

ABSTRACT

A highly efficient and durable phosphorous–nitrogen (P-N) synergistic flame retardant containing ammonium phosphate active groups (AATMPEG) was synthesized and grafted onto cotton fabrics by P-O-C covalent bonding. In the synthesis process, the -P=O(OH)₂ group on the flame retardant is esterified with ethylene glycol to reduce the influence of metal ions on the flame retardant of cotton fabric during washing. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 25 wt% AATMPEG-treated cotton fabric reached 45.0% and remained at 33.0% after 50 laundering cycles (LCs). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the flame retardant successfully penetrated the fabric without affecting its surface morphology and crystal structure. Thermogravimetry (TG), cone calorimetry, and vertical flammability test results show that AATMPEG generates phosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid during combustion, promoting the thermal degradation and dehydration of the cotton fabric. The AATMPEG does not use formaldehyde in the synthesis process, meeting environmental requirements.

摘要

合成了一种高效耐用的含磷酸铵活性基团的磷-氮(P-N)协同阻燃剂(AATMPEG), 并通过P-O-C共价键将其接枝到棉织物上. 在合成过程中, 将阻燃剂上的-P=O(OH)₂基团与乙二醇酯化, 以减少洗涤过程中金属离子对棉织物阻燃性能的影响. 25wt%AATMPEG处理棉织物的极限氧指数(LOI)达到45.0%, 50次洗涤后仍保持在33.0%. 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射(XRD)结果表明, 阻燃剂在不影响织物表面形貌和晶体结构的情况下成功渗入织物. 热重法(TG)、锥形量热法和垂直可燃性测试结果表明, AATMPEG在燃烧过程中生成磷酸或聚偏磷酸, 促进棉织物的热降解和脱水. AATMPEG在合成过程中不使用甲醛, 符合环保要求.

KEYWORDS:

• P-N flame retardant
• phosphonate
• high efficiency
• durability
• environmental protection
• cotton fabrics

关键词:

• P-N阻燃剂
• 膦酸酯
• 高效率
• 耐久性
• 环境保护
• 棉织物

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Chongqing science and technology bureau for their continued support and constructive guidelines for the responsible conduct of scientific research studies.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This research does not contain any studies on human participants or animals performed by the author.

Date availability statement

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this article.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by The Natural Funds for Chongqing (cstc2019jcyj-msxmX0412).