Noise characterization of oil and gas operations

ABSTRACT

In cooperation with The Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission, researchers at Colorado State University performed area noise monitoring at 23 oil and gas sites throughout Northern Colorado. The goals of this study were to: (1) measure and compare the noise levels for the different phases of oil and gas development sites; (2) evaluate the effectiveness of noise barriers; and (3) determine if noise levels exceeded the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission noise limits. The four phases of oil and gas development include drilling, hydraulic fracturing, completion and production. Noise measurements were collected using the A- and C-weighted sound scales. Octave band analysis was also performed to characterize the frequency spectra of the noise measurements.

 Noise measurements were collected using noise dosimeters and a hand-held sound-level meter at specified distances from the development sites in each cardinal direction. At 350 ft (107 m), drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and completion sites without noise barriers exceeded the maximum permissible noise levels for residential and commercial zones (55 dBA and 60 dBA, respectively). In addition, drilling and hydraulic fracturing sites with noise barriers exceeded the maximum permissible noise level for residential zones (55 dBA). However, during drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and completion operations, oil producers are allowed an exception to the noise permissible limits in that they only must comply with the industrial noise limit (80 dBA). It is stated in Rule 604.c.(2)A. that: “Operations involving pipeline or gas facility installation or maintenance, the use of a drilling rig, completion rig, workover rig, or stimulation is subject to the maximum permissible noise levels for industrial zones (80dBA).”^[8] Production sites were within the Colorado Oil and Gas Conservation Commission permissible noise level criteria for all zones. At 350 ft (107 m) from the noise source, all drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and completion sites exceeded 65 dBC.

 Current noise wall mitigation strategies reduced noise levels in both the A- and C-weighted scale measurements. However, this reduction in noise was not sufficient to reduce the noise below the residential permissible noise level (55 dBA).

KEYWORDS:

• Drilling
• fracturing
• gas
• hydraulic
• noise
• oil
• well site completion

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the Colorado oil and gas producers for their assistance and cooperation throughout this project. The authors would also like to thank Mike Leonard, Quality Assurance Specialist with the COGCC, for accompanying the CSU researchers on oil and gas sites and for his participation in data collection and Dave Kulmann, Deputy Director of Field Operations with the COGCC, for his support during the research. Last, the authors thank the OSHA Consultation Program at Colorado State University for the use of the noise monitoring instrumentation.

Funding

This research was partially funded by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Mountain and Plains Education and Research Center (grant no. T3 OH009229).