Filtering performances of 20 protective fabrics against solid aerosols

Abstract

Workers can be exposed to solid airborne particles in some occupational environments, and they might be required to wear chemical protective clothing to prevent skin exposure. Dedicated standards exist to certify the protective value of such clothing, but they are not informative enough to identify the main pathways of entry for solid particles nor to compare performances between different chemical protective clothing. In this work, 20 non-woven fabrics used to make chemical protective clothing for solid particle protection were selected to be examined for both filtration and comfort performances. Nine were microporous fabrics (MP), 10 were multilayered nonwoven fibrous media (SMS) and one was a flash spun material (FS). To assess their filtration performances, fabrics were challenged in a benchtop wind tunnel with a 20–3,000 nm diameter sodium chloride aerosol at three low fabric face velocities (0.05, 0.15, 0.3 cm/sec). Airflow resistance and water vapor transmission rate were also measured to provide indications of comfort for the wearer. The penetration results led to the classification of the 20 fabrics into distinct groups of filtration efficiency. The data were analysed based on the porous media characteristics (thickness, fiber diameter, porosity, etc.). MPs were the most efficient fabrics, and SMSs showed a wide range of performances, mostly due to variations in the thickness of the filtering layer as well as to the fabric treatment. Measurements of airflow resistance and water vapor transmission rates revealed major differences between MPs and FSs and SMSs. This highlights the potential of some SMS fabrics to meet a compromise between protection and comfort.

Keywords:

• Aerosols
• chemical protective clothing
• filtration
• non-woven

Acknowledgments

Grateful acknowledgment is extended to Dr. Geneviève Marchand, Carole-Anne Villeneuve and Joanna Augustin for their technical support regarding the fiber diameter measurements. We also thank Phil Gibson and Pearl Yip from the U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center for the measurements of the water vapor transmission rate.

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by the Institut de recherche Robert-Sauvé en Santé et Sécurité du Travail (IRSST, Montréal, Canada).