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Abstract
Li Shicen is a representative intellectual during the May 4th Movement time. With a Strong Time Mission, he went to study and travel abroad to several countries. His life is summarized into three stages and his thought has undergone transitions twice; he has made important contributions in three areas: philosophy, edition and education; and there are three qualities in his academic career: Opening towards academy, keeping pace with times and paying attention to practice. His case helps us to answer the following questions: (1) why he was regarded as a both typical and non-typical intellectual in the May 4th Movement; (2) why we say that the road of Modernization in China was not very clear at the beginning, but gradually revealed in the debates and; (3) why we say the choice of China’s future road is the result of complex historical synergy and the State of the times.
Acknowledgements
The author wishes to thank Peter Zarrow, a Professor of History in University of Connecticut, and Deng menglin, works in Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, for their assistance in writing this essay.
Notes on Contributor
Li Fuqing is a professor at the Academy of Marxism at Xiangtan University, Hunan, and a visiting scholar at History Department in the University of Connecticut. Dr. Li received PhD degree in Chinese philosophy from East China Normal University in 2008. The main research direction is the study of modern Chinese thought.
Correspondence to: Li Fuqing. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]. Tel.: 8613017150453.
Notes
1 About this topics, we can refer to the following articles: Xu Jilin, “The New from the Old”in the May 4th New Cultural Movement,” Journal of East China Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), no. 1 (2019): 24–36+170; Gao Ruiquan (高瑞泉), “New Culture Movement and the Modern Development of Chinese Philosophy,” Exploration and contention (⟪探索与争鸣⟫), no. 8 (2017): 11–23+1. Ji Aimin, “The National-State Imagination of the May 4th New Intellectuals”, Proceedings of International Academic Conference to Commemorate the 90th Anniversary of the May 4th Movement, 2009–05–03; Ye Qing, “Seeing the Path Taken by Intellectuals from the Differentiation of New Intellectuals After the May 4th Movement,” Journal of Fujian Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), no. 3 (1997): 124–27. Han Yaguang, Research on Intellectuals in China’s (Modernization Process, 2004). and so on.
2 The current achievements in academia as followings: Li Fuqing, “Li Shicen Case,” (⟪李石岑学案⟫), Huxiang Library (⟪湖湘文库⟫), Huxiang School Case, vol. 3 (⟪湖湘学案⟫第三卷), Hunan People’s Publishing House, 2013 edition, pp. 1895–1920. Fang Songhua & Xin Jianfei, “A Brief History of Chinese Modern Philosophy——Li Shicen (⟪中国现代哲学史人物小传—李石岑⟫),” Exploration and Controversy (⟪探索与争鸣⟫), no. 6 (1986): 60–62. Hu Xiao, “Li Shicen and his academic sketches,” Journal of Fudan University, no. 4 (1993): 61–65. Hu Xiao, “Li Shicen’s Philosophical Thoughts,” Philosophy Research, no. 5 (1984): 61–66. Tian Fulong, “Li Shicen and the Transformation of His Philosophical Thoughts,” Journal of Chuanshan (⟪船山学刊⟫), no. 2 (1987): 100–107. Tian Fulong & Li Shicen, “a Modern Philosopher in China,” Qiusuo (⟪求索⟫), no. 2 (1985): 95–97+50.
Tian Wenjun & Wei Bingzhen, “Li Shicen and the Comparative Philosophy Between China and the West,” Journal of Jiangxi Normal University, no. 2 (2013): 105–12. Li Fuqing & Ouyang Xinxin, “On Li Shicen’s Outlook on Life in Expressing Life”, Journal of Henan Normal University, no. 5 (2012): 18–22. Li Fuqing & Ma Rui, “A Review of Li Shicen’s Research on Bergson’s Thought,” Journal of Henan Normal University, no. 4 (2016): 9–14. Wang wanwan, “On Li Shicen’s Philosophy of Life,” Journal of Anhui Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), no. 1 (2017): 101–104. Huang Huaijun, “Li Shicen’s Nietzsche Interpretation,” Studies in Chinese Literature, no. 3 (2011): 72–75. Wu Jing, “Research on Zhu Zixue of Li Shicen in China,” Journal of Liaocheng University (Social Science Edition), no. 6 (2014): 80–85. Wei Bing’e, “Li Shicen’s Two-tier Personality Interpretation and Enlightenment,” Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition), no. 4 (2017): 26–31. Wang Shuangjie, “Li Shicen’s Thought of Personalized Free Education,” Journal of Education Renmin University of China, 12 (2018): 151–61. Wanxiaoping & Su Peijun, “Comment on Li Shicen’s Aesthetic View,” Guangdong Social Sciences, no. 5 (2018): 172–77. Wei Bing’e & Ren Chou, “Expressing Life: A Probe into Li Shicen’s Educational Philosophy in Modern Times,” Journal of Shanghai Normal University (Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition), no. 6 (2016): 146–52.
3 Xu Wancheng, “Li Shicen focuses on the translation of ‘The History of Materialism’,” Chinese and Foreign Publishing News and Other (Encryption) (1931): 133–34.
4 Frederick Albert Lange (1828–1875), Ph.D. a representative of the early neo-Kantianism in Germany, taught at the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Bonn, published his famous book The History of Materialism in 1865, and was subsequently hired at the University of Schulich. Professor of Philosophy at Marburg University.The book, The History of Materialism, is a great work on the history of materialism. It attempts to make a fair judgment on the two forms of philosophy: materialism and idealism. The book is divided into four parts: “Ancient materialism”, “transitional period”, “materialism in the seventeenth century”, and “materialism in the eighteenth century”. Its philosophical thought deeply influenced Nietzsche, Husserl and Heidegger in Germany in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
5 See the Chronology Appendixes at the end of this text.
6 Mao Dun, “Introduction of ‘MindDuo’s Column of Bergson,” The Complete Works of Mao Dun, vol. 14 (People’s Literature Publishing House, 1987): 313–14.
7 Huan Bing, “How to commemorate Mr. Li Shicen,” Jinan School Journal (Guangzhou) ⟪暨南校刊 (广州)⟫, In 1934, “Mourning Mr. Li Shicen Special Column”, 9–10.
8 Wang Pingzhi, “Impression of my teacher Cen,” China Daily (⟪中华日报⟫), “Mr. Li Shicen’s Commemorative Special Issue,” December 20, 1934.
9 Such as Ye Qing, “Li Shicen’s Philosophical Work,” New China Magazine⟪新中华杂志 ⟫, vol. 2, no. 24: pp. 39, 44, 45
10 Chen Guangwei, “A Great Transformer”, Jinan School Journal(Guangzhou) (1934): 11–13.
11 Li Shicen, “Introduction to Dewey’s and Russell’s Criticism,” Li Shicen’s Lectures (Shanghai Bookstore Press, 2010 edition), 41.