TRAP Sequence in Monochorionic/Monoamniotic (MC/MA) Discordant Twins: Two Cases Treated with Fetoscopic Laser Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: Ablation of the acardiac twin umbilical cord in the TRAP protects the normal donor twin. Materials and methods: Two case descriptions, one of interstitial laser photocoagulation and one of laser umbilical cord occlusion (L-UCO) of the acardiac twin in monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancies are reported. Results: L-UCO in two pregnancies with TRAP syndrome in the second trimester resulted in intrauterine fetal death in both cases after 1 month. Case 1 had no detectable cause of fetal death. Case 2 had rupture of the amniotic sac causing anhydramnios and acute chorioamnionitis. A groove on the umbilical cord of the normal twin indicated a cord stricture due to cord entanglement. Conclusion: Our experience confirms that the best timing and optimal treatment of MC/MA twins complicated by TRAP sequence still remains a controversial clinical issue. Cord entanglement may continue be a potential clinical risk factor for adverse perinatal outcome even after ablation therapy.

Keywords:

• TRAP sequence
• monochorionic/monoamiotic twins
• fetoscopic laser photocoagulation
• fetal pathology
• Cristal and Realistic Vue

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.