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Abstract
Patients in medication-assisted treatment for opioid addiction have been historically excluded or marginalized within mainstream recovery mutual-aid societies. The resulting isolation has sparked the rise of indigenous support structures organized by and for people in medication-assisted recovery. This article reviews the obstacles methadone maintenance patients experience in seeking to participate in mainstream 12-step groups and describes how Methadone Anonymous and other alternatives are providing recovery support for current and former methadone maintenance patients.
Acknowledgments
The author would like to thank the following individuals for their assistance with this article: Bruce Casey, Fredrick Christie, Anthony Scro, William White, and Joycelyn Woods.