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ABSTRACT
At present, with fluctuating feedstock prices, the biodiesel manufacturing industries are facing some downfall. High free fatty acid (FFA) non-edible oil, which is a byproduct of vegetable oil refineries, is available at low price and in considerable quantities at vegetable oil refinery sites. This high FFA oil can be utilized as a potential low cost feedstock for biodiesel production. In the present work, high FFA (51.6%) oil was synthesized into biodiesel by a two-step process. Except oxidation stability, other fuel properties of the produced biodiesel were found to be comparable with that of biodiesel specifications. Oxidation stability was found to be only 2.1 h at 110°C as determined by the Rancimat apparatus.
In order to study and further improve the oxidation stability, the biodiesel (B100) was dosed with a suitable antioxidant (pyrogallol) and stored for 6 months. The acid value, peroxide value, and kinematic viscosity which are closely associated with oxidation behavior were studied. It was found that biodiesel dosed with an antioxidant showed the least increase in the acid value, peroxide value, and kinematic viscosity. Also, induction period was improved and found to be within the American Society for Testing and Materials limit . Thus, the high FFA oil-based biodiesel with a suitable antioxidant can be used as a potential feedstock to resolve the issue of the high cost of biodiesel production.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank Central Salt and Marine Research Institute, Bhavnagar and Lipid Science, Hyderabad, for providing certain testing facilities.
Funding
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by Gujarat Council on Science and Technology under the minor research project Grant No: GUJCOST/MRP/2014-15/393.