http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0557-1975
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ABSTRACT
Energy supply is going to be depleted in overall well-developed economic countries in the world. Developing the simplest source of alternative fuel to energy that is non-toxic, harmless, safer to handle, eco-friendly, and economically viable is the need of the hour. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) are obtained from the reaction against transesterification of triglycerides. Number of methods to produce biodiesel, out of these methods easiest and quickest way is transesterification using acid and base catalyst. In Asian countries, especially in India, completely different oil bearing trees are available. Some of them are Jatropha, Karanja, Salvo Dara oleoids, Rubber seed, Garcinia indica, and so forth. Out of these sources, Karanja seeds produce the higher yield of methyl esters and are the finest alternative source of the crude product, that is, biodiesel. The two-step acid-base transesterification reaction to this current research of Karanja oils yields 81.2 ml of methyl esters and 18.8 ml glycerol contents using methanolysis process (9:1) and BaMoO4 as a unique catalyst (0.68 wt%). The parameters of fuel analysis like flash and fire point, cloud and pour point, carbon residue, density, and kinematic viscosity at 40°C can be tested by standard ASTM methods. During this transesterification reaction, BaMoO4 as a singular catalyst supplies the yield of methyl group esters from Karanja oil (Pongamia pinnata).
Funding
The author acknowledges fund provided by University Grants Commission — New Delhi, India (Award No: RGNF-2015-17-SC-20740) and also thankful to research scholar Imran Hussian. S for his comments.