![Sample our Built Environment journals, sign in here to start your access, Latest two full volumes FREE to you for 14 days]({"type":"image" , "src" : "/sda/5926/TOC-Subject-Sample-2021-Built-Environment.jpg"})
ABSTRACT
In this study, the aim was to characterize to bio-oil, obtained hazelnut cupula via catalytic fast pyrolysis in a fixed bed tubular reactor. The hazelnut cupula sample investigated in this study has been taken from Trabzon, located in Black Sea Region of Turkey. The liquid phase, obtained bio-oils without and with ZnO catalyst consisted aqueous and oil phases, which were separated and weighed. The pentane soluble phase yields of 56.00% and 68.60% were obtained without and with catalyst at 600°C, respectively.The oil phase and the subfractions of pentane-soluble fraction, obtained without and with ZnO catalyst were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H-NMR spectroscopy, and the pentane subfraction was analyzed by gas chromatography. It was determined that the ratio of oxygen in bio-oil reduced from 18.15 wt% to 11.75 wt% with the use of ZnO catalyst (6 wt% of feed). The action of the ZnO catalyst in removing the oxygen from the bio-oil is evident from the much reduced oxygen content of the oils. According to the experimental results the liquid products can be used as liquid fuels and chemical feedstock.
Funding
The authors are grateful to the “Karadeniz Technical University Scientific Research Council” for the financial support of this work through project 9081.