Development of Renewable Energy Technologies in rural areas of Pakistan

ABSTRACT

In the twenty-first century, renewable energy and power technologies have become an important part of development. Pakistan has good potential in renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biomass, and hydroelectricity. Only a few public and private companies have started to develop renewable energy technology (RET) developments in the rural areas of Pakistan. The present study is exploratory based on RETs and new development policy implementations for the rural areas of Pakistan. The analysis shows the relationship among fossil fuel energy, clean energy, and population in rural areas, energy potential, national policies, and international policies to recover the off-grid areas in Pakistan. The outcome shows that households in urban areas have more consumption of electricity than rural areas while maximum income comes from the agriculture sector. It is therefore suggested that government should provide renewable energy projects in rural areas to boost the e\mployment, living standard and economy. The presence of electricity consuming appliances always contributes little to fulfill the needs of households and commercial. Thus, to control or reduce the demand for electricity, the use of renewable energy technologies must be increased and the government should implement best policies such as China and the US. Some related policies insights that energy supply, technology improvement, hydroelectricity, solar, wind, wave, geothermal, and tidal power resources are more efficient instead of prime energy sources such as oil, coal, and gas in rural areas of Pakistan.

Abbreviations: RE: Renewable Energy; FFC: Fossil fuel Cost; EPC: Environmental performance costs; EAPI: Energy architecture performance index; REPG: Renewable Energy power generation; RES: Renewable energy policies; GCISC: Global Change Impact Studies Centre; ES: Energy System

KEYWORDS:

• Renewable energy
• rural development
• economic development
• energy technologies
• energy architecture

Notes

1. All the figures and tables are given in appendix A and appendix B.

2. The IEA’s, the renewable energy including wind, solar, biomass, thermal, hydropower, wastes and tidal are energy producing sources.

3. Global approach shows natural resources such as oil. Gas, coal, and water can fulfill electricity issues.

4. ‘CPEC’ power projects for RE are potential for electricity.

5. The groundwater quality in Pakistan is good, but the use of freshwater is increasing. The most agriculture-related provinces have increased the consumption to 79%.

6. EAPI reports, Pakistan is at 101 in ranking out of 127 countries of the world which are facing an energy crisis. It may effect on human, demographics, glaciers, and groundwater.