Bio-oil and bio-char from lactuca scariola: significance of catalyst and temperature for assessing yield and quality of pyrolysis

ABSTRACT

In this study, the effect of temperature and catalyst on the conversion of lactuca scariola stems into liquid and solid products with catalyst (H₃BO₃, NaOH, Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂O, ZnCl₂, K₂CO₃) and without catalyst at temperatures of 350, 450 and 550 °C was investigated by a method of pyrolysis, a method of thermochemical conversion. The highest liquid product yield was obtained in the presence of ZnCl₂ (33.97%). The obtained liquid and solid products were examined by GC-MS, Elemental, FT-IR, SEM and ¹H NMR analysis methods. While the temperature in the experiments with catalyst and without catalyst was 350 °C, 98 different compounds, consisting of aromatics, aliphatics, oxygenated, nitrogenated and polycyclic compounds are obtained in general; at 450 °C, 92 different compounds, and for 550 °C, 88 different compounds were obtained.

KEYWORDS:

• Biomass
• bio-oil
• pyrolysis
• bio-fuel
• lactuca scariola;Energy

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the Van Yuzuncu Yil University Research Fund for financial support (No. FYL-2017-5910).

Supplementary material

Supplemental data for this article can be accessed on the publisher’s website

Additional information

Funding

This work was supported by Van Yuzuncu Yil University Research Fund [FYL-2017-5910]