Effect of nano-additives blended diesel-biodiesel on performance and emissions of CI engine in the presence of magnetic field

ABSTRACT

In the present study, biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was added to the diesel fuel at various volume percentages. Nanoparticles of cobalt oxide and cerium oxide were also used as additive to diesel-biodiesel blends. The fuel was magnetized by two neodymium magnets with grade of 42. The effect of six parameters including the magnetic field, biodiesel percent, nano-additives concentration, nano-additives ratio (CeO₂ to Co₃O₄), engine speed, and engine load were evaluated using the Box-Behnken experiment design and RSM method. Optimization of performance parameters and engine emissions showed that the best conditions involved the magnetic field of 1,561.66 Gauss, nano-additives concentration of 12.26 ppm, nano-additives ratio of 56.37%, biodiesel volume fraction of 4.98 vol%, engine speed of 1,962 rpm and engine load of 66.14%. Under these conditions, the engine performance and emissions were as follows: maximum engine torque of 14.67 ± 0.73 Nm, maximum engine power of 3.36 ± 0.14 kW, minimum brake special fuel consumption (BSFC) of 272.50 ± 140.77 gr/kW.h, minimum carbon monoxide (CO) emission of 0.136 ± 0.086 vol%, minimum carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission of 0.027 ± 0.28 vol%, minimum-unburned hydrocarbons (UHC) of 0.032 ± 48.12 ppm and minimum nitrogen oxide (NOx) of 4 ± 13.78 ppm with the desirability of 0.89.

KEYWORDS:

• Nano-additive
• biodiesel
• exhaust emissions
• magnetic field
• engine performance