Performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel waste cooking oil water-emulsions under varying engine load condition

ABSTRACT

In this study, experimental performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel waste cooking oil water-emulsions were studied. The fuels are compared to several blends by volume: 5% biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with 10% water, and 18.7% emulsions (BD5W10) compared to biodiesel waste cooking oil blended with diesel oil 5% (BD5), 10% (BD10) and pure diesel oil (DO).The experiments were conducted in a four-cylinder turbocharged Yanmar diesel engine at four different loads. During the process of experiments, the engine speed was conducted in 1500 rpm. The experimental results showed that at low load, the thermal efficiency of B5W10 was reached up to 8.92% more than DO. At medium load, the specific fuel consumption of BD5W10 was increased to 11.66% compared to DO. In emissions, CO in BD5W10 was higher than DO and B10. CO₂ emissions in BD5W10 can be reduced to 12.8% compared to DO at high load. The opacity of BD5W10 at middle load can cut up to 84.25% compared to DO. In conclusion, biodiesel cooking oil water-emulsion can be an alternative source of fuel in the future because it can reduce the opacity and is also higher in thermal efficiency.

KEYWORDS:

• Biodiesel
• waste cooking oil
• water emulsion
• emissions
• diesel engine

Acknowledgments

The first author would like to thank to the Directorate General of Higher Education Ministry of Education and culture of Indonesia, Doshisha University, Trisakti University and Dr. Muhammad Hafnan from the laboratorium of Mechanical Engineering Department, Trisakti University that have supported this research.

Additional information

Notes on contributors

Annisa Bhikuning

Annisa Bhikuning is pursuing a Ph.D. in the Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, Japan. She is currently in the laboratory of spray and combustion. Her research interests are spray and combustion in biodiesel and low emissions.

Eriko Matsumura

Eriko Matsumura obtained her Ph.D., M.Eng and B.Eng from Mechanical Engineering, Doshisha University, Japan. She is currently a Professor and a lecturer at the Faculty of Science and Engineering Department of Mechanical and Systems Engineering. Her researches fields are Physics and Mathematics, Machinery and Measurement Equipment, Chemical, Nanotechnology and Materials, Environment and Energy.

Jiro Senda

Jiro Senda obtained his Ph.D., M.Eng and B.Eng from the Mechanical Engineering Department, Doshisha University, Japan.  He is now a Professor in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Doshisha University, Japan. His main research interests are Spray research, Optical Measurement, Chemical Reactions, Combustion Research, Numerical Simulation Modelling, Flash Boiling CVD, Cavitation, Co-generation, and Applied Research.