https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9242-6233
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ABSTRACT
Exploration of energy sources such as renewable and non-edible vegetable oils has been continued during the recent two decades of 2000s. Cottonseed oil is a non-edible, abundant oil and is generally used as cooking oil. In the present study, the usability of biodiesel derived from both cottonseed oil and its cooking wastes was investigated by blending them with ULSD or ethanol in 50 percentages. B50, WB50, B50E50 and WB50E50, biodiesel and ethanol-contained fuels and ULSD were prepared for experiments. Combustion, performance, and emissions tests were conducted on a diesel engine used for power-producing electrical generator. In the combustion tests, cylinder pressure, HRR, CHR, MGT, and MFB were analyzed while MFC, BSFC, exhaust manifold temperature, and thermal efficiency were obtained in the performance tests. In the emissions tests, CO, HC, and NOx emissions were measured and compared with the results of ULSD. Combustion and performance findings of ULSD contained biodiesel blends were found more similar to those of ULSD. The duration of combustion stage can clearly be seen to be narrowed for ethanol-contained blend because of the rabid combustion characteristics of ethanol. Besides, the peak of HRR was found 10% higher for B50E50 while it was found averagely 8% for WB50E50 blends. NOx emissions were found 48% lower averagely for ethanol contained biodiesel blends that it is the most important finding of ethanol using with biodiesel. Besides, HC emissions were also found about 75% for biodiesel contained diesel fuel blends.
Nomenclature
| B50 | = | Blend of 50% biodiesel-50% diesel |
| B50E50 | = | Blend of 50% biodiesel-50% ethanol |
| BSFC | = | Brake specific fuel consumption |
| BTE | = | Brake thermal efficiency |
| CAD | = | Crank angle degree |
| CHR | = | Cumulative heat release |
| CO | = | Carbon monoxides |
| CO2 | = | Carbon dioxides |
| CSO | = | Cottonseed oil |
| CSOB | = | Cottonseed oil biodiesel |
| HC | = | Unburned hydrocarbon |
| ID | = | Ignition delay |
| HRR | = | Heat release rate |
| MGT | = | Mean gas temperature |
| MFB | = | Mass fraction burned |
| Nox | = | Nitrogen oxides |
| NO | = | Nitric oxide |
| ULSD | = | Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel |
| WB50 | = | Blend of 50% biodiesel of cooking wastes −50% diesel |
| WB50E50 | = | Blend of 50% biodiesel of cooking wastes −50% ethanol |
| WCSO | = | Waste cottonseed oil |
| WCSOB | = | Waste cottonseed oil biodiesel |
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Hakan Karakaya
Hakan Karakaya, was born on 20.12.1979 in Çelikhan district of Adıyaman/Turkey. After successfully completing Elazığ Gazi Anatolian Technical High School Mechanical Department in 1997, he enrolled in Fırat University Technical Education Faculty Mechanical Education Department in 1998 for his undergraduate education. After completing his undergraduate education in 2002, he started his graduate studies at Fırat University, Institute of Science and Technology, Mechanical Education/Energy. After completing his master's degree in 2005, he started his PhD studies in the same field. After completing his doctorate in 2010, he started working as an Assistant Professor in Batman University, Department of Mechanical Engineering. He is also working as the manager in Vocational school of Beşiri organized industrial zone. Hakan Karakaya is married and has one child.