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ABSTRACT
In this study, a single cylinder, four stroke, air cooled, direct injection (DI) diesel engine developing a power of 4.4 kW at a constant speed of 1500rpm was modified to operate on a dual fuel mode running on raw biogas–Waste cooking oil methyl ester (WCOME); where, WCOME was used as a pilot fuel to initiate combustion, while biogas was used as a primary fuel which proceeded throughout the engine operation. For the dual fuel operation, the effect of nozzle opening pressure of the fuel injector was varied from the original nozzle opening pressure of 200 bar to 280 bar at a regular interval of 20 intervals. Also, the engine load in terms of power output was varied from 0 to 4 kW in steps of 1 kW. The combustion, performance, and emission analyses of the engine run on the dual fuel operation at different nozzle opening pressure were compared with those of the normal diesel operation at different loads. The test results indicated that, thermal efficiency increased by about 4.6% for 240 bar at full load. In the dual fuel operation, NO emission increased with the increase in the nozzle opening pressure, however, NO emission was still lesser than that of the diesel operation. From the obtained results, it is suggested that, a nozzle opening pressure of 240 bar can be considered as an optimum condition for the tested engine which was run biogas-WCOME on a dual fuel mode.
Nomenclature
| BDDFM | = | Biodiesel dual fuel mode |
| BTE | = | Brake thermal efficiency |
| BSFC | = | Brake specific fuel consumption |
| CH4 | = | Methane |
| CI | = | Compression ignition |
| CM | = | Cow manure |
| CO2 | = | Carbon dioxide |
| CO | = | Carbon monoxide |
| EGR | = | Exhaust gas recirculation |
| EGT | = | Exhaust gas temperature |
| EVC | = | Exhaust valve closing |
| EVO | = | Exhaust valve opening |
| GHG | = | Greenhouse gas |
| HC | = | Hydro carbon |
| HRR | = | Heat release rate |
| IVC | = | Inlet valve closing |
| IVO | = | Inlet valve opening |
| kg | = | Kilogram |
| NO | = | Nitric oxide |
| ppm | = | Parts per million |
| Rpm | = | Revolutions per minute |
| STW | = | Spent tea waste |
| TDC | = | Top dead centre |
| WCO | = | Waste cooking oil |
| WCOME | = | Waste cooking oil methyl ester |
| = | Excess air ratio |
Additional information
Notes on contributors
Naseem Khayum
Naseem Khayum received his Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering from JNTU College of Engineering, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, in 2015. Currently, he is a PhD research scholar of NIT Rourkela, from the Department of Mechanical Engineering since 2016. He is carrying out his research work in the field of dual fuel technology, and waste heat recovery in engines. His research interests include biomass conversion, materials characterisation, emission control, advanced combustion technologies and different waste heat recovery technologies adopted for engines.
Anbarasu Subramanian
S. Anbarasu received PhD degree in Mechanical Engineering from IIT Guwahati in 2015. He joined as Assistant professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering at NIT Rourkela in 2015. He has received a student fellowship for attending the summer camp organized by Global centre of Excellence for Mechanical System Innovation (GMSI) at The University of Tokyo (UT) during 2011. He is the reviewer of many international journals in the area of Hydrogen Energy, Enhanced Heat Transfer, Biomass Conversion and Bio Refinery, Energy and Fuel. He has more than eight years of research experience in the field of renewable energy synthesis and metal hydride based hydrogen storage systems. His areas of interest are biomass conversion and its utilization and development of high refrigerating capacity gm-type pulse tube refrigerator.
Murugan Sivalingam
Murugan Sivalingam is a Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India. He obtained his master and Ph.D degree from Anna University, Chennai. His areas of research are in energy/renewable energy, waste management, refrigeration and air conditioning. He has twenty five years of teaching experience. He was also a visiting researcher at Cranfield University, The UK. He has carried out his post doctoral research work at VSB Technical University, Ostrava, The Czech Republic in 2014-15. He was a Principal Investigator for two major Sponsored Research Projects sponsored by the Government of India, and a Sponsored Research Project funded by the Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Tamil Nadu, India. He has published more than 75 research articles in reputed peer reviewed International Journals scoring his h-index 30 in google scholar citations. He has guided 8 Ph.D research scholars and 25 Post Graduate and more than 50 Under graduate Engineering students.