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ABSTRACT
This research work analyses the combustion, performance, and emissions characteristics of calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester or polanga biodiesel operated single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine appended with alumina nano-additives with two concentrations of 25 ppm and 50 ppm. The test engine was run at varying loads from 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The test engine is to be operated at a constant speed of 1500 rpm speed along with compression ratio of 17.5 and injection timing of 23° bTDC. The magnetic stirrer and ultrasonicator are used for blending of alumina nano-additives. Based on experimental investigation, it is found that with smaller fraction alumina nano-additives, the combustion is improved and emissions are lowered owing to high surface-area-to-volume-ratio of alumina particles. In addition, the blending of alumina has escalated the brake thermal efficiency substantially and reduced brake specific fuel consumption by about 6.56% and 7.37% subsequently. Thus, the improvement in combustion efficiency is observed along with a marginal reduction in NOx, CO, HC, and smoke emissions.
Nomenclature
| ASTM | = | American Society for Testing of Materials |
| Al2O3 | = | Aluminium oxide nanoparticle |
| PBD | = | Polanga biodiesel |
| BTE | = | Brake thermal efficiency |
| BP | = | Brake power |
| HRR | = | Heat release rate |
| TFC | = | Total fuel consumption |
| CV | = | Calorific value |
| SEM | = | Scanning electron microscope |
| TEM | = | Transmission electron microscope |
| BSFC | = | Brake specific fuel consumption |
| BSEC | = | Brake specific energy consumption |
| NOx | = | Oxides of nitrogen |
| HC | = | Hydrocarbon |
| CO | = | Carbon monoxide |
| CO2 | = | Carbon dioxide |
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interest.